Time course of changes of extracellular H+ and K+ activities during and after direct electrical stimulation of the brain cortex

1978 ◽  
Vol 378 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Urbanics ◽  
Elfriede Leniger-Follert ◽  
Dietrich W. L�bbers
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Direct Electrical Stimulation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Effect of Topical Adenosine Deaminase Treatment on the Functional Hyperemic and Hypoxic Responses of Cerebrocortical Microcirculation

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eörs Dóra ◽  
Ákos Koller ◽  
Arisztid G. B. Kovách
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Adenosine Deaminase ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Direct Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Cyanide Poisoning ◽  
Vascular Volume ◽  
The Brain

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible importance of adenosine in cerebrocortical vasodilatation accompanying brain activation (epileptic seizures and direct electrical stimulation) and hypoxia (arterial hypoxia and cyanide poisoning of the brain cortex). In chloralose-anesthetized cats a circumscribed area of the brain cortex was treated with adenosine deaminase (Type III; Sigma), which potently deaminates adenosine to the nonvasoactive inosine. Cerebrocortical vascular volume and fluorescence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were measured in vivo by surface fluororeflectometry. The responses of small pial and intracortical vessels to brain activation and hypoxia were studied in brain cortices superfused with artificial (mock) CSF and 5 U/ml adenosine deaminase. It was found that superficially applied adenosine deaminase readily diffuses onto the brain cortex. Prolonged pretreatment of the brain cortices with 0.025 U/ml adenosine deaminase eliminated almost completely the vasodilative effect of 10−7 mol/ml adenosine. The inhibitory effect of the enzyme on adenosine-induced cortical vasodilatation was specific, because 5 U/ml adenosine deaminase did not attenuate the vasodilative potency of 10−8 mol/ml 2-chloroadenosine. Adenosine deaminase (5 U/ml) pretreatment of the brain cortices did not diminish the cerebrocortical vascular volume, which increased with arterial hypoxia, topical cyanide poisoning, and direct electrical stimulation. However, it slightly decreased the vasodilative effect of epileptic seizures. On the basis of these results, it seems very unlikely that adenosine is a critical factor in the control of cerebrovascular tone during arterial hypoxia and brain activation.

scholarly journals Understanding Variable Motor Responses to Direct Electrical Stimulation of the Human Motor Cortex During Brain Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Aaronson ◽  
Eduardo Martinez Del Campo ◽  
Timothy F. Boerger ◽  
Brian Conway ◽  
Sarah Cornell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Direct Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Human Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Direct electrical stimulation of the brain is the gold standard technique used to define functional-anatomical relationships during neurosurgical procedures. Areas that respond to stimulation are considered “critical nodes” of circuits that must remain intact for the subject to maintain the ability to perform certain functions, like moving and speaking. Despite its routine use, the neurophysiology underlying downstream motor responses to electrical stimulation of the brain, such as muscle contraction or movement arrest, is poorly understood. Furthermore, varying and sometimes counterintuitive responses can be seen depending on how and where the stimulation is applied, even within the human primary motor cortex. Therefore, here we review relevant neuroanatomy of the human motor system, provide a brief historical perspective on electrical brain stimulation, explore mechanistic variations in stimulation applications, examine neurophysiological properties of different parts of the motor system, and suggest areas of future research that can promote a better understanding of the interaction between electrical stimulation of the brain and its function.

Case report: Remote neuromodulation with direct electrical stimulation of the brain, as evidenced by intra-operative EEG recordings during wide-awake neurosurgery

2016 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 1752-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Vincent ◽  
Olivier Rossel ◽  
Bénédicte Poulin-Charronnat ◽  
Guillaume Herbet ◽  
Mitsuhiro Hayashibe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Direct Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Wide Awake ◽  
Stimulation Of

Direct electrical stimulation of rat soleus during denervation-reinnervation

1982 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Mazher Jaweed ◽  
Gerald J. Herbison ◽  
John F. Ditunno
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Direct Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Direct electrical stimulation of the optic radiation in patients with covered eyes

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Šteňo ◽  
Vladimír Hollý ◽  
Martin Fabian ◽  
Matúš Kuniak ◽  
Gabriela Timárová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Direct Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Optic Radiation ◽  
Stimulation Of
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