A cluster of at least three esterase genes inLucilia cuprina includes malathion carboxylesterase and two other esterases implicated in resistance to organophosphates

1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 437-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerrie-Ann Smyth ◽  
Robyn J. Russell ◽  
John G. Oakeshott
Keyword(s):  
Malathion Carboxylesterase

General esterase, malathion carboxylesterase, and malathion resistance in Culex tarsalis

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ziegler ◽  
S. Whyard ◽  
A.E.R. Downe ◽  
G.R. Wyatt ◽  
V.K. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Culex Tarsalis ◽  
General Esterase ◽  
Malathion Carboxylesterase

Malathion carboxylesterase titer and its relationship to malathion toxicity

1979 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Talcott ◽  
N.M. Mallipudi ◽  
T.R. Fukuto
Keyword(s):  
Malathion Carboxylesterase

Malathion resistance conferred by a carboxylesterase in Anopheles culicifacies Giles (species B) (Diptera: Culicidae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A Malcolm ◽  
R. G. Boddington
Keyword(s):  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Major Metabolite ◽  
Anopheles Culicifacies ◽  
Microtitre Plate ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Malathion Carboxylesterase

AbstractA strain of Anopheles culicifaciesGiles (species B) originally collected from Aurangabad, Maharashtra State, India, showed highly specific resistance to malathion. Homogenates of one-day-old adults metabolized 14C-labelled malathion at a level comparable with strains of A. stephensi Liston and A. arabiensis Patton known to possess the malathion carboxylesterase resistance mechanism and at a higher rate (6.4 and 7.8 times, respectively) than malathion-susceptible strains of these species. The major metabolite obtained was malathion dicarboxylic acid, a carboxylesterase product, which suggests that this may be the principal resistance mechanism in this strain. Levels of non-specific esterase activity in larvae and adults were similar to those shown by both the susceptible and resistant strains of A. stephensi, implying that no quantitative increase in esterases had occurred. Microtitre plate assays on individual mosquitoes provided no evidence for the presence of the insensitive acetylcholinesterase resistance mechanism.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of malathion by Bacillus licheniformis strain ML-1

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Khan ◽  
Habiba Zaffar ◽  
Usman Irshad ◽  
Raza Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Minimal Salt Medium ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticide ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Enrichment Technique ◽  
Malathion Carboxylesterase

Malathion, a well-known organophosphate pesticide, has been used in agriculture over the last two decades for controlling pests of economically important crops. In the present study, a single bacterium, ML-1, was isolated by soil-enrichment technique and identified as Bacillus licheniformis on the basis of the 16S rRNA technique. The bacterium was grown in carbon-free minimal salt medium (MSM) and was found to be very efficient in utilizing malathion as the sole source of carbon. Biodegradation experiments were performed in MSM without carbon source to determine the malathion degradation by the selected strain, and the residues of malathion were determined quantitatively using HPLC techniques. Bacillus licheniformis showed very promising results and efficiently consumed malathion as the sole carbon source via malathion carboxylesterase (MCE), and about 78% malathion was degraded within 5 days. The carboxylesterase activity was determined by using crude extract while using malathion as substrate, and the residues were determined by HPLC. It has been found that the MCE hydrolyzed 87% malathion within 96 h of incubation. Characterization of crude MCE revealed that the enzyme is robust in nature in terms of organic solvents, as it was found to be stable in various concentrations of ethanol and acetonitrile. Similarly, and it can work in a wide pH and temperature range. The results of this study highlighted the potential of Bacillus licheniformis strain ML-1 as a biodegrader that can be used for the bioremediation of malathion-contaminated soil.

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