Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide in a stationary membrane oxygenator

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
V. T. Gorun ◽  
Z. R. Karichev ◽  
G. Ya. Levitskii
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Membrane Oxygenator ◽  
Stationary Membrane

Intravascular Membrane Oxygenator and Carbon Dioxide Removal Devices

ASAIO Journal ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Zwischenberger ◽  
Weike Tao ◽  
Akhil Bidani
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Removal ◽  
Membrane Oxygenator

Biocompatibility of standard and silica-free silicone rubber membrane oxygenators

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (2) ◽  
pp. H371-H375
Author(s):  
S. W. Fountain ◽  
J. Duffin ◽  
C. A. Ward ◽  
H. Osada ◽  
B. A. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Membrane Oxygenator ◽  
Rubber Membrane ◽  
Spiral Coil ◽  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator ◽  
Silicone Rubber Membrane ◽  
Membrane Oxygenators

Spiral coil membrane oxygenators made from either standard silicone rubber or silica-free silicone rubber were compared using three priming techniques. Standard priming, carbon dioxide priming, and denucleation priming were employed with each type of device. Four-hour venovenous membrane oxygenator perfusions were carried out on awake sheep anticoagulated with heparin. Virtually no differences were observed in any parameters measured between standard silicone rubber and filler-free silicone rubber membranes. Significantly greater platelet losses occurred during the first hour of perfusion with standard priming and with carbon dioxide priming than with denucleation priming, using either type of membrane. These experiments demonstrate that denucleation priming reduces platelet losses during extracorporeal membrane oxygenator perfusion, but that the use of filler-free silicone rubber does not improve the biocompatibility of the membrane.

scholarly journals Development of a CO2 Sensor for Extracorporeal Life Support Applications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3613
Author(s):  
Michele Bellancini ◽  
Laura Cercenelli ◽  
Stefano Severi ◽  
Guido Comai ◽  
Emanuela Marcelli
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Extracorporeal Life Support ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Membrane Oxygenator

Measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2) in medical applications is a well-established method for monitoring patient’s pulmonary function in a noninvasive way widely used in emergency, intensive care, and during anesthesia. Even in extracorporeal-life support applications, such as Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal (ECCO2R), Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), and cardiopulmonary by-pass (CPB), measurement of the CO2 concentration in the membrane oxygenator exhaust gas is proven to be useful to evaluate the treatment progress as well as the performance of the membrane oxygenator. In this paper, we present a new optical sensor specifically designed for the measurement of CO2 concentration in oxygenator exhaust gas. Further, the developed sensor allows measurement of the gas flow applied to the membrane oxygenator as well as the estimation of the CO2 removal rate. A heating module is implemented within the sensor to avoid water vapor condensation. Effects of temperature on the sensor optical elements of the sensors are disclosed, as well as a method to avoid signal–temperature dependency. The newly developed sensor has been tested and compared against a reference device routinely used in clinical practice in both laboratory and in vivo conditions. Results show that sensor accuracy fulfills the requirements of the ISO standard, and that is suitable for clinical applications.

Electron Cytochemical Study of Carbon Dioxide Laser Effect on Rhesus Monkey Cornea

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
K. C. Tsou ◽  
J. Morris ◽  
P. Shawaluk ◽  
B. Stuck ◽  
E. Beatrice
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Laser Effect

While much is known regarding the effect of lasers on the retina, little study has been done on the effect of lasers on cornea, because of the limitation of the size of the material. Using a combination of electron microscope and several newly developed cytochemical methods, the effect of laser can now be studied on eye for the purpose of correlating functional and morphological damage. The present paper illustrates such study with CO2 laser on Rhesus monkey.

The Critical Point Drying Method Applied to Scanning Electron Microscopy of L-929 Cells

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
Charles TurnbiLL ◽  
Delbert E. Philpott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Scanning Electron

The advent of the scanning electron microscope (SCEM) has renewed interest in preparing specimens by avoiding the forces of surface tension. The present method of freeze drying by Boyde and Barger (1969) and Small and Marszalek (1969) does prevent surface tension but ice crystal formation and time required for pumping out the specimen to dryness has discouraged us. We believe an attractive alternative to freeze drying is the critical point method originated by Anderson (1951; for electron microscopy. He avoided surface tension effects during drying by first exchanging the specimen water with alcohol, amy L acetate and then with carbon dioxide. He then selected a specific temperature (36.5°C) and pressure (72 Atm.) at which carbon dioxide would pass from the liquid to the gaseous phase without the effect of surface tension This combination of temperature and, pressure is known as the "critical point" of the Liquid.

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