Studies on the origin of the tip potential of glass microelectrode

1976 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunobu Okada ◽  
Akira Inouye
Keyword(s):  
Glass Microelectrode ◽  
Tip Potential

scholarly journals Liquid and solid-state Cl- -sensitive microelectrodes. Characteristics and application to intracellular Cl- activity in Balanus photoreceptor.

1977 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Saunders ◽  
H M Brown
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Intracellular Chloride ◽  
Glass Microelectrode ◽  
Biological Interest ◽  
Intracellular Chloride Activity ◽  
Chloride Activity

When intracellular chloride activity (aiCl) was monitored with chloride-sensitive liquid ion exchanges (CLIX) microelectrodes in Balanus photoreceptors, replacement of extracellular chloride (Cl0) by methanesulfonate or glutamate was followed by a rapid but incomplete loss of aiCl. When propionate was used as the extracellular anion substitute, CLIX electrodes detected an apparent gain in aiCl, while a newly designed Ag-AgCl wire-in glass microelectrode showed a loss of aiCl under the same conditions. This discrepancy in Cl- washout when propionate replaced Cl0 is explained by the differences in selectivity of CLIX and Ag-AgCl electrodes for native intracellular anions and for the extracellular anion substitute which also replaces Cli and interferes in the determination of aiCl. Both electrodes indicate that ECl approximately Em when the cells are bathed in normal barnacle saline, and both electrodes showed the rate of Cl washout (tau approximately 5 min) to be independent of Cli when Cl0 was replaced by glutamate. Details of Ag-AgCl microelectrode construction are presented. These electrodes were tested and found to be insensitive to the organic anion substitutes used in this study. Selectivity data of CLIX electrodes for several anions of biological interest are described.

Optimization of glass microelectrode properties by response surface methodology

1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Kisaalita ◽  
Rodney S. Skeen ◽  
Bernard J. Van Wie ◽  
Charles D. Barnes ◽  
Simon J. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Glass Microelectrode

scholarly journals Carbon fiber electrodes for intracellular recording and stimulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Huan ◽  
Jeffrey P Gill ◽  
Johanna B Fritzinger ◽  
Paras R Patel ◽  
Julianna M Richie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Intracellular Recording ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Extracellular Recording ◽  
Glass Microelectrode ◽  
Carbon Fiber Electrodes ◽  
Intracellular Stimulation ◽  
Good Signal

Abstract Objective. To understand neural circuit dynamics, it is critical to manipulate and record many individual neurons. Traditional recording methods, such as glass microelectrodes, can only control a small number of neurons. More recently, devices with high electrode density have been developed, but few of them can be used for intracellular recording or stimulation in intact nervous systems. Carbon fiber electrodes (CFEs) are 8 micron-diameter electrodes that can be assembled into dense arrays (pitches ≥ 80 µm). They have good signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and provide stable extracellular recording both acutely and chronically in neural tissue in vivo (e.g., rat motor cortex). The small fiber size suggests that arrays could be used for intracellular stimulation. Approach. We tested CFEs for intracellular stimulation using the large identified and electrically compact neurons of the marine mollusk Aplysia californica. Neuron cell bodies in Aplysia range from 30 µm to over 250 µm. We compared the efficacy of CFEs to glass microelectrodes by impaling the same neuron’s cell body with both electrodes and connecting them to a DC coupled amplifier. Main Results. We observed that intracellular waveforms were essentially identical, but the amplitude and SNR in the CFE were lower than in the glass microelectrode. CFE arrays could record from 3 to 8 neurons simultaneously for many hours, and many of these recordings were intracellular, as shown by simultaneous glass microelectrode recordings. CFEs coated with platinum-iridium could stimulate and had stable impedances over many hours. CFEs not within neurons could record local extracellular activity. Despite the lower SNR, the CFEs could record synaptic potentials. CFEs were less sensitive to mechanical perturbations than glass microelectrodes. Significance. The ability to do stable multi-channel recording while stimulating and recording intracellularly make CFEs a powerful new technology for studying neural circuit dynamics.

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