High-resolution scanning-densitometry of photographic negatives of human metaphase chromosomes

1974 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van der Ploeg ◽  
P. van Duijn ◽  
J. S. Ploem
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Scanning Densitometry

High-resolution scanning-densitometry of photographic negatives of human metaphase chromosomes

1974 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van der Ploeg ◽  
P. van Duijn ◽  
J. S. Ploem
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Scanning Densitometry

High-resolution scanning-densitometry of photographic negatives of human chromosomes

1977 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van der Ploeg ◽  
A. M. Vossepoel ◽  
F. Th. Bosman ◽  
P. van Duijn
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Scanning Densitometry

Histochemical aspects of nucleic acid detection

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 746-747
Author(s):  
B. A. Hamkalo ◽  
Elizabeth R. Unger
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Nucleic Acid Sequences

This symposium brings together several approaches for the detection of specific nucleic acid sequences that have potential applications at the histochemical level.Trask et al. report on the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques to study the arrangement of DNA sequences in normal and diseaserelated chromosomes. The sites of specific DNA sequences can be fluorescently tagged. Different sequences can be labeled with different fluorochromes so that their arrangement can be studied using fluorescence microscopy. The distances between points on the same or different chromosomes can be determined in a large number of interphase nuclei or metaphase chromosomes. A variety of probe types, ranging from single-copy sequences to highly repeated sequences can be employed.Hamkalo and co-workers have used non-radioactive methods at the EM level for the detection of nucleic acid sequences by in situ hybridization. Analysis of metaphase chromosomes by electron microscopy allows for high resolution mapping of chromosomes. A variety of labelling procedures have been employed to illustrate the utility of high resolution nucleic acid sequence mapping in these preparations.

scholarly journals MICROFLUOROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID REPLICATION KINETICS AND SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES IN HUMAN CHROMOSOMES

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 478-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMUEL A. LATT
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchanges ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Human Leukocytes ◽  
Chromatid Exchanges

Fluorescence of the dye 33258 Hoechst, when bound to chromosomes, is partially quenched by the incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine into chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This effect allows microfluorometric analysis of DNA synthesis. Metaphase chromosomes from cultured human leukocytes which have incorporated 5-bromodeoxyuridine for a portion of the DNA synthesis period exhibit reduced 33258 Hoechst fluorescence in 5-bromodeoxyuridine-containing regions. Regions synthesizing DNA during a particular interval can thus be highlighted by the appropriate protocol of 5-bromodeoxyuridine administration. Chromosomes from cells which have replicated twice in medium containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine exhibit one brightly and one dully fluorescing chromatid, reflecting incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine into one or two chains of chromatid DNA, respectively. Sister chromatid exchanges, evident as sharply demarcated reciprocal alterations in fluorescence along chromosomes, can be located relative to quinacrine banding patterns. This fluorometric approach should be useful in many instances as a convenient, high resolution alternative to autoradiography.

High resolution detection of uncoated metaphase chromosomes by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy

Chromosoma ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rizzoli ◽  
E. Rizzi ◽  
M. Falconi ◽  
A. Galanzi ◽  
B. Baratta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Scanning Electron

High-Resolution Analysis of the 3D Organization of Human Metaphase Chromosomes

2003 ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Stefan Thalhammer ◽  
Pietro Gobbi ◽  
Mirella Falconi ◽  
Giovanni Mazzotti ◽  
Wolfgang M. Heckl
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
High Resolution Analysis ◽  
Resolution Analysis

High resolution detection of uncoated metaphase chromosomes by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy

Chromosoma ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rizzoli ◽  
E. Rizzi ◽  
M. Falconi ◽  
A. Galanzi ◽  
B. Baratta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Scanning Electron

High-resolution scanning electron microscopy of human metaphase chromosomes

1982 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 409-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Harrison ◽  
T.D. Allen ◽  
M. Britch ◽  
R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Loop Model ◽  
Giemsa Banding ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Osmium Impregnation ◽  
Chromosome Integrity ◽  
Scanning Electron

Human metaphase chromosomes, prepared for light microscopy were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Use of an osmium impregnation technique eliminated the need for sputter-coating and allowed high-resolution visualization of uncoated specimens. Chromosomes were of three-dimensional cylindrical profile, with well-defined chromatids and centromeres. Prior to Giemsa-banding a smooth surface morphology was observed. Relaxation of chromosome integrity by Giemsa-banding pretreatment allowed resolution of several orders of chromosome structure not previously demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. The observed organization of the chromatin fibres allowed parallels to be drawn with the radial loop model of chromosome construction as described by Marsden and Laemmli.

Imaging of BrdU-labeled human metaphase chromosomes with a high resolution scanning ion microprobe

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Levi-Setti ◽  
Jan M. Chabala ◽  
Konstantin Gavrilov ◽  
Rafael Espinosa ◽  
Michelle M. Le Beau
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ion Microprobe ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes

Metaphase Chromosomes in the Scanning Proton Microscope

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
William H. Escovitz ◽  
Timothy R. Fox ◽  
Riccardo Levi-Setti
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Human Peripheral Lymphocytes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Radiation damage of biological specimens has become a great concern of scientists in high resolution microscopy. Although modern refinements have pushed the ultimate resolution of microscopes below 5Å, specimen damage and preparation techniques have thwarted the realization of this resolution in biological molecules near their natural states. Because Scanning Transmission Ion Microscopy (STIM) with protons is thought to be much more damaging than electron microscopy, critics have doubted the applicability of proton microscopy to biological research, especially at high resolution. As a first step in exploring proton-beam induced damage in biological material, whole-mount chromosomes have been imaged at low resolution by proton microscopy for the first time. After prolonged proton irradiation, the same chromosomes were examined by Conventional Transmission Electron Microscopy (CTEM).Figure 1 is a bright-field proton micrograph of a chromosome obtained from human peripheral lymphocytes. The specimen, prepared by Dr. H. M. Golomb, is unstained and critical-point dried.

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