Determination of stress bioindicators in three norway spruce stands in northern Germany

1993 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
D. L. Godbold ◽  
R. Feig ◽  
A. Cremer-Herms ◽  
A. Hüttermann
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Spruce Stands

scholarly journals Damage by deer barking and browsing and subsequent rots in Norway spruce stands of Forest Range MoP.

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Čermák ◽  
J. Glogar ◽  
L. Jankovský
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Bark Stripping ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Forest District ◽  
Extensive Damage

The paper deals with the determination of the rate of damage by deer barking and browsing, the subsequent rot caused by Stereum sanguinolentum and the rate of its progress, elucidates causes of damage and quantifies volume and financial losses in the region of Forest Range Mořkov, Forest District Fren&scaron;t&aacute;t pod Radho&scaron;těm. In the most damaged 2<sup>nd</sup> age class, decay by Stereum sanguinolentum was recorded in 59% of damaged trees. The progress of rot ranged from 1 to 70 cm/year. The high number of red deer is considered to be the main reason of extensive damage by bark stripping in the Forest Range Mořkov. The actual financial loss caused by depreciation of wood by the rot is greatest in the 5<sup>th</sup> age class amounting to CZK 64,320 per ha.

scholarly journals Is allometry for aboveground organ’s mass estimation in young Norway spruce stands affected by different type of thinning?

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1755-1761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Krejza ◽  
Radek Pokorný ◽  
Irena Marková
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Tree Allometry ◽  
Mass Estimation ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Allometric Functions ◽  
Linear Regressions

The study focuses on determination of aboveground organ’s mass using allometric relationships in Norway spruce stands with different type of thinning management – thinning from below (TfB) and thinning from above (TfA). Allometric functions for predicting of stem, branch, leaf and total aboveground mass were estimated from measurements of basic stem dendrometric parameters. The highest adjusted regression coefficients were found between DBH and biomass of aboveground tree organs (adj. r2 ranged from 0.91 to 0.98). Multiple linear regressions provide correlation coefficients r2 from 0.88 to 0.98 for TfB and from 0.90 to 0.98 for TfA. The presented results showed no effect of different type of thinning application on tree allometry.

scholarly journals Determination of Pleurotus abieticola ligninolytic activity on Norway spruce wood

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-277
Author(s):  
Anna Żółciak
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Ligninolytic Activity ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Phlebiopsis Gigantea ◽  
Spruce Stands

Abstract The effect of Phlebiopsis gigantea treatment in control of Heterobasidion parviporum in Norway spruce is less effective than that in control of Heterobasidion annosum in pine. It is necessary to apply other fungi, for example, Pleurotus abieticola in Norway spruce stands. Thus, it is necessary to assess the activity of major ligninolytic enzymes, that is, laccase, lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and versatile peroxidase (VP) produced by P. abieticola, which may be effective in the fast degradation of Norway spruce wood. Three strains of P. abieticola (Pa1-3) were grown on pieces of Norway spruce sapwood and heartwood for 50 days in laboratory conditions. Enzymatic activity was determined using spectrophotometry. Pleurotus abieticola produced laccase, LiP, MnP and VP. The activity of laccase was low, ranging 0–3.696 and 0–0.806 mU/μg of protein in sapwood and heartwood, respectively. The highest activity in Pa1 = 3.696 mU/μg of protein in sapwood and in Pa3 = 0.806 mU/μg of protein in heartwood was observed after 30 and 50 days of incubation, respectively. The activity of LiP was also low, ranging 0–0.188 and 0–0.271 mU/μg of protein in sapwood and heartwood, respectively. The highest activity in Pa1 = 0.271 mU/μg of protein in sapwood and in Pa2 = 0.188 mU/μg of protein in heartwood was observed after 40 and 20 days of incubation, respectively. The activity of MnP ranged 0–17.618 and 0–12.203 mU/μg of protein in sapwood and heartwood, respectively. This enzymatic activity peaked at the 50th day of culture on sapwood for the Pa3 strain (17.618 mU/μg of protein) and at the 20th day of culture on heartwood for the Pa1 strain (12.203 mU/μg of protein). The activity of VP with manganese-oxidising properties was found to be high in all strains of P. abieticola, ranging 0–39.19 and 0–59.153 mU/μg of protein in sapwood and heartwood, respectively, whereas the activity of VP with guaiacol-oxidising properties was very low for all P. abieticola strains, ranging 0–0.248 and 0–0.225 mU/μg of protein in sapwood and heartwood, respectively. The values of released hydroxyphenols in P. abieticola strains ranged 24.915–139.766 and 25.19–84.562 µg of protocatechuic acid/ml in sapwood and heartwood, respectively. The values of released methoxyphenols for the evaluated strains of P. abieticola ranged 7.225–23.789 and 1.953–20.651 µg of vanillic acid/ml in sapwood and heartwood, respectively. Further studies with a higher number of strains of this species as well as an optimisation of conditions for the measurement of ligninolytic activity are needed.

scholarly journals Attempt to Identify Sex Hormones in the Bodies of Selected Norway Spruce Bark Beetles

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kacprzyk ◽  
Bartłomiej Bednarz ◽  
Maciej Choczyński
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Steroid Compound ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Males And Females

A gas chromatography technique was applied to the adults of Ips typograhus (L.) and Pityogenes chalcographus (L.) collected from pheromone traps placed in Norway spruce stands in southern Poland in distinguished population swarming periods for the qualitative and quantitative determination of steroid compound differences between insect sexes. Ten not yet identified for bark beetle compounds from the group of sterols, including cholestenone, 4,6-cholestadiene-3-one, choles-4-en-3,6-dione and 17β-Hydroxyandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one benzoate, which can potentially act as gender hormones were detected. The presence of ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone in the bodies of the studied bark beetles was confirmed. However, slight differences in the content of ecdysteroids in the bodies of males and females may be only the remains of the insect’s metamorphosis. Due to the small differences in the extracted compounds between the females and males, their variability in concentrations during the swarming period seems to be useless as a basis for sex determination.

scholarly journals Imitated Whole Tree Harvesting Show Negligible Effect on Economic Value of Spruce Stands

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Iveta Desaine ◽  
Annija Kārkliņa ◽  
Roberts Matisons ◽  
Anna Pastare ◽  
Andis Adamovičs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

The increased removal of forest-derived biomass with whole-tree harvesting (WTH) has raised concerns about the long-term productivity and sustainability of forest ecosystems. If true, this effect needs to be factored in the assessment of long-term feasibility to implement such a drastic forest management measure. Therefore, the economic performance of five experimental plantations in three different forest types, where in 1971 simulated WTH event occurred, was compared with pure, planted and conventionally managed (CH) Norway spruce stands of similar age and growing conditions. Potential incomes of CH and WTH stands were based on timber prices for period 2014–2020. However, regarding the economics of root and stump biomass utilization, they were not included in the estimates. In any given price level, the difference of internal rate of return between the forest types and selected managements were from 2.5% to 6.2%. Therefore, Norway spruce stands demonstrate good potential of independence regardless of stump removal at the previous rotation.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach to Evaluate the Effect of Neighboring Trees and the Orientation of Tree Social Area on Stem Radial Increment of Norway Spruce Trees

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Jan Světlík ◽  
Jan Krejza ◽  
Pavel Bednář
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Social Area

Tree growth depends on many factors such as microsite conditions, vitality, and variations in climate and genetics. It is generally accepted that higher growth indicates both an economic benefit and better vitality of any tree. Here we use a modified approach of evaluating tree social area to study mutual tree competition based on the orientation and shape of trees social area. The investigation was performed in nine Norway spruce stands in the Czech Republic. The objective of this study performed from 2008 to 2012 was to quantify relative tree radial increments with respect to the lowest and highest competition found in specific sectors of tree social area (AS). Specific groups of trees (tree classes) were evaluated according to their classes (dominant, co-dominant and sub-dominant) and their composition status in ninety-degree sectors of AS using established classifying rules. The results showed that a spatially-available area (AA) is an inappropriate parameter for predicting tree growth, whereas AS provided robust explanatory power to predict relative radial growth. Tree size was observed as an important indicator of relative radial increments. A significantly positive correlation was found for a radial increment of sub-dominant trees with the lowest competition from western directions; whereas a negative correlation was observed when the lowest competition was observed from eastern directions. For dominant trees, there was an evident growth reaction only when more than 50% of the AS was oriented towards one of the cardinal points. Individual differences in the orientation of tree AS may be important parameters with regard to competition and its spatial variability within an area surrounding a particular tree and deserve more detailed attention in tree growth models and practice.

Concentration and Fluxes of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in Three Norway Spruce Stands along a Climatic Gradient in Sweden

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Fröberg ◽  
Dan Berggren ◽  
Bo Bergkvist ◽  
Charlotte Bryant ◽  
Jan Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Climatic Gradient ◽  
Spruce Stands
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