Characterization and classification of fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from tap water and surface water

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. van der Kooij
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonads

scholarly journals Isolation and classification of sixteen strains of saprophytic leptospires

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cinco ◽  
J. D. Coghlan ◽  
P. R. J. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water

SUMMARYSixteen strains of leptospires were isolated from surface water (14 in England and 2 in Italy) and were classified. They were all saprophytic, and nine of them belonged to known serovars: the others were found to represent new serovars within already known serogroups.

scholarly journals Elution Is a Critical Step for Recovering Human Adenovirus 40 from Tap Water and Surface Water by Cross-Flow Ultrafiltration

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (16) ◽  
pp. 4982-4993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Shi ◽  
Irene Xagoraraki ◽  
Kristin N. Parent ◽  
Merlin L. Bruening ◽  
Volodymyr V. Tarabara
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Eluent Composition ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the recovery of the enteric adenovirus human adenovirus 40 (HAdV 40) by cross-flow ultrafiltration and interprets recovery values in terms of physicochemical interactions of virions during sample concentration. Prior to ultrafiltration, membranes were either blocked by exposure to calf serum (CS) or coated with a polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM). HAdV 40 is a hydrophobic virus with a point of zero charge between pH 4.0 and pH 4.3. In accordance with predictions from the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory, the preelution recovery of HAdV (rpre) from deionized water was higher with PEM-coated membranes (rprePEM= 74.8% ± 9.7%) than with CS-blocked membranes (rpreCS= 54.1% ± 6.2%). With either membrane type, the total virion recovery after elution (rpost) was high for both deionized water (rpostPEM= 99.5% ± 6.6% andrpostCS= 98.8% ± 7.7%) and tap water (rpostPEM= 89% ± 15% andrpostCS= 93.7% ± 6.9%). The nearly 100% recoveries suggest that the polyanion (sodium polyphosphate) and surfactant (Tween 80) in the eluent disrupt electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between the virion and the membrane. Addition of EDTA to the eluent greatly improved the elution efficacy (rpostCS= 88.6% ± 4.3% andrpostPEM= 87.0% ± 6.9%) with surface water, even when the organic carbon concentration in the water was high (9.4 ± 0.1 mg/liter). EDTA likely disrupts cation bridging between virions and particles in the feed water matrix or the fouling layer on the membrane surface. For complex water matrices, the eluent composition is the most important factor for achieving high virion recovery.IMPORTANCEHerein we present the results of a comprehensive physicochemical characterization of HAdV 40, an important human pathogen. The data on HAdV 40 surface properties enabled rigorous modeling to gain an understanding of the energetics of virion-virion and virion-filter interactions. Cross-flow filtration for concentration and recovery of HAdV 40 was evaluated, with postelution recoveries from ultrapure water (99%), tap water (∼91%), and high-carbon-content surface water (∼84%) being demonstrated. These results are significant because of the very low adenovirus recoveries that have been reported, to date, for other methods. The recovery data were interpreted in terms of specific interactions, and the eluent composition was designed accordingly to maximize HAdV 40 recovery.

scholarly journals Application of Capsid Integrity (RT-)qPCR to Assessing Occurrence of Intact Viruses in Surface Water and Tap Water in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 116674
Author(s):  
Vu Duc Canh ◽  
Shotaro Torii ◽  
Hiroaki Furumai ◽  
Hiroyuki Katayama
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Capsid Integrity

An experimental study of the scattering of light by natural waters

1952 ◽  
Vol 140 (900) ◽  
pp. 321-338 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Forward Scatter ◽  
Back Scattering ◽  
Similar Sample

A blue-sensitive multiplier phototube was used to measure light scattered from a parallel beam in distilled, tap and sea water, the first named serving as a check upon errors from extraneous sources of light. Forward and back scatter are closely the same for distilled water, but with natural waters by far the greater part of the effect occurs through angles less than 25°. A minimum is found for a deviation of about 110°, back scattering increasing somewhat for greater angles. The relative importance of forward scatter increases with turbidity, and in sea water about three-quarters of the effect is due to matter removable by filtration through a collodion filter of average pore diameter 1 μ or by sedimentation; further passage through 0·6 and 0·2 μ filters produces little change. Scattering is greater in blue light. Plymouth tap water scatters more than surface coastal water and the latter more than surface water 20 miles out, station E 1. Surface water scatters more than deeper—the water column being remarkably homogeneous even when a well-marked thermocline had existed for weeks, but a small increase was detectable at the top of the cold water. E 1 surface water increased in scattering between August and January, and decreased till May. Deep water showed little change. Extinction due to scattering between 20 and 155° amounted to less than one-sixth of that found for a similar sample with a Pulfrich photometer, so probably much scattering occurs below 20°. This explains why Pulfrich extinctions are so much greater than vertical extinction coefficients found in the sea. The preponderance of forward scattering within the range 20 to 155° and the effects of filtration suggest that such scattering is due chiefly to refraction through transparent mineral particles, large compared with the wave-length of light. The refractive index of organic matter is too near that of water to produce refraction through angles as large as 20°. Such matter may, however, be responsible for some of the scattering through smaller angles which apparently accounts for most of the turbidity found with the Pulfrich photometer.

Can the HGM classification of small, non-peat forming wetlands distinguish wetlands from surface water geochemistry?

Wetlands ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 884-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Azzolina ◽  
Donald I. Siegel ◽  
James C. Brower ◽  
Scott D. Samson ◽  
Martin H. Otz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Geochemistry ◽  
Surface Water Geochemistry

scholarly journals Diversity, Community Composition, and Dynamics of Nonpigmented and Late-Pigmenting Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria in an Urban Tap Water Production and Distribution System

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (18) ◽  
pp. 5498-5508 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dubrou ◽  
J. Konjek ◽  
E. Macheras ◽  
B. Welté ◽  
L. Guidicelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Prevalence Index ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria ◽  
Production And Distribution

ABSTRACTNonpigmented and late-pigmenting rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) have been reported to commonly colonize water production and distribution systems. However, there is little information about the nature and distribution of RGM species within the different parts of such complex networks or about their clustering into specific RGM species communities. We conducted a large-scale survey between 2007 and 2009 in the Parisian urban tap water production and distribution system. We analyzed 1,418 water samples from 36 sites, covering all production units, water storage tanks, and distribution units; RGM isolates were identified by usingrpoBgene sequencing. We detected 18 RGM species and putative new species, with most isolates beingMycobacterium chelonaeandMycobacterium llatzerense. Using hierarchical clustering and principal-component analysis, we found that RGM were organized into various communities correlating with water origin (groundwater or surface water) and location within the distribution network. Water treatment plants were more specifically associated with species of theMycobacterium septicumgroup. On average,M. chelonaedominated network sites fed by surface water, andM. llatzerensedominated those fed by groundwater. Overall, theM. chelonaeprevalence index increased along the distribution network and was associated with a correlative decrease in the prevalence index ofM. llatzerense, suggesting competitive or niche exclusion between these two dominant species. Our data describe the great diversity and complexity of RGM species living in the interconnected environments that constitute the water production and distribution system of a large city and highlight the prevalence index of the potentially pathogenic speciesM. chelonaein the distribution network.

scholarly journals RUSSIAN WATER FUND AS AN INTEGRATED OBJECT OF LEGAL RELATIONSHIPS

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Сиваков ◽  
Dmitriy Sivakov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Russian Water ◽  
State Surveillance ◽  
State Water ◽  
Article 5 ◽  
Key Terms

The author reveals key terms of water law — water fund and water objects in c ontext of various relationships. The author discloses correlation of these terms with the concepts of real estate, watersectoral complex; understands said terms through the prism of state surveillance, account and zoning of water fund. Water objects of common usage are also inspected by the author. The following methods of scientific research are used: historic retrospective, comparative analyze and extrapolation. Experience of EU, CIS and other countries is taken into account. The article exposes the views and breakthrough ideas of leading scientists of modern jurisprudence (T. Y. Khabrieva, Yu. A. Tikhomirov, M. M. Brinchuk, S. A. Bogolyubov, O. S. Kolbasov, O. I. Krassov), some representatives of the natural sciences and mass media. Russian water fund is not only a basis of water sector, but also is a permanent basis of all economy. Degradation of quality and reduction of quantity of water resources inevitably would harm the wellbeing of the Russian society. Norms of Soviet and Russian legislation are presented by the author in a critical manner. The author inspects the classification of water objects, which is important for the state water fund. As it is stated in article 5 of Russian Water Code, depending on the features of the regime, geographical, morphometric and other features, water objects have complicated gradation. For the purposes of this article, first of all it is important to divide the surface and underground water objects. According to the article 5 of Russian Water Code, the term “surface water object” includes not only water masses, but also covered land within the coastline. These are the necessary features of surface water objects — connection of land and water. In this regard, a difficult question is attended to as of whether the surface water objects have in their structure real estate.

Methodological proposal for conceptualization and classification of interactions between groundwater and surface water

Water Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-642
Author(s):  
Bruno J. Ballesteros-Navarro ◽  
Elisabeth Díaz-Losada ◽  
José A. Domínguez-Sánchez ◽  
Juan Grima-Olmedo
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Management Plans

Abstract Water management plans require comprehensive knowledge of physical processes and principles controlling water resources. These mechanisms, subject to limitations, can interact in complex ways, which makes it challenging to design guidelines to achieve optimum water resources use, taking into account economic, social and environmental factors. The relationship between rivers and aquifers defines different forms of interaction between superficial water and groundwater. These processes have great relevance in inland water management and protection against pollution, as well as dependent ecosystems. Under the current legislative framework in Europe, i.e., the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) and the Groundwater Directive 2006/118/EC, calculation of flow direction and exchange rates between groundwater bodies and associated surface systems are key aspects of river basin management plans. This paper examines conditioning factors of exchange processes, related basic physical principles, and criteria for establishing different conceptual models, providing a typology for systematic classification of groundwater–surface water interactions.

scholarly journals Microplastic Contamination of Surface Water-Sourced Tap Water in Hong Kong—A Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Wing Ling Lam ◽  
Hiu Tung Ho ◽  
Anson T.H. Ma ◽  
Lincoln Fok
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Atmospheric Input ◽  
Mechanical Abrasion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Mean Concentration

Microplastics have been documented in a wide range of commercially available food products, and the presence of microplastics in tap water has received considerable attention in recent years. Although microplastics in drinking water pose a low concern for human health at current levels of exposure, there is a need to understand the potential pathways for human microplastic exposure. With the application of Rose Bengal staining, microplastics in 110 surface water-sourced tap water samples from urban sources in Hong Kong were qualified and morphologically characterized. A total of 224 items were identified in 86 (78.2%) samples with a mean concentration of 2.181 ± 0.165 n L−1. Fibrous and smaller (<1 mm) microplastics predominated in samples, accounting for 97.8% and 65.1% of the total microplastic count, respectively. Our results indicated a comparatively low level of microplastic contamination of tap water in Hong Kong. The potential sources of microplastics could be microplastic-polluted water bodies, atmospheric input and mechanical abrasion of plastic equipment during water treatment and distribution.

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