The fine structure of retinal capillaries in normal and increased permeability as revealed by ruthenium red staining

1971 ◽  
Vol 183 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Matsusaka
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Ruthenium Red Staining ◽  
Retinal Capillaries

Fine structure and distribution of extracellular polymer surrounding selected aerobic bacteria

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald D. Cagle
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Streptococcus Salivarius ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Ruthenium Red Staining ◽  
Extracellular Polymer

The structure and distribution of extracellular polymer surrounding Bacillus circulans, Diplococcus (Streptococcus) pneumoniae, Streptococcus salivarius, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Herellea vaginacola (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus), and Agrobacterium tumefaciens were studied by electron microscopy. A modified ruthenium red staining procedure was used to examine the fine structure of capsule and slime. Freeze-etching and critical-point drying were used to examine the quantity of unaltered exocellular material. Comparative data demonstrate that fibrillar extracellular polymer surrounding B. circulans, D. pneumoniae, and K. pneumoniae is capsule (cell wall attached) which is characteristic of the producing organism. Capsular polymer generally appeared fibrillar, although globular polymer consisted of capsular subunits bound to S. salivarius and H. vaginacola. Exocellular slime was present about S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and A. tumefaciens.

Ruthenium Red Staining of Human Hard Keratin Fibers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
M. C. Buhrer ◽  
R. A. Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Human Hair ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharides ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Keratin Fibers ◽  
Ruthenium Red Staining ◽  
Extracellular Materials

Ruthenium red has been used as a stain to demonstrate a variety of extracellular materials, especially acid mucopolysaccharides. It also reacts with certain intracellular and extracellular lipids. Since biochemical studies in our laboratory demonstrated the presence of a variety of monosaccharides in human hair ruthenium red staining procedures were adopted in order to evaluate the presence and morphological location of acid oligosaccharides in the keratinized aspect of hair.

Structure, properties and enhanced expression of galactose-binding C-type lectins in mucous cells of gills from freshwater Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica)

2001 ◽  
Vol 360 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abinash Chandra MISTRY ◽  
Shinji HONDA ◽  
Shigehisa HIROSE
Keyword(s):  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Anguilla Japonica ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Cdna Subtraction ◽  
Competitive Binding Assay ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Ruthenium Red Staining ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cdna Subtraction Library

Using a Japanese-eel (Anguilla japonica) gill cDNA subtraction library, two novel β-d-galactose-binding lectins were identified that belong to group VII of the animal C-type lectin family. The eel C-type lectins, termed eCL-1 and eCL-2, are simple lectins composed of 163 amino acid residues, including a 22-residue signal peptide for secretion and a single carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of ∼ 130 residues typical of C-type lectins. The galactose specificity of the CRD was suggested by the presence of a QPD motif and confirmed by a competitive binding assay. Using Ruthenium Red staining, the lectins were shown to bind Ca2+ ions. SDS/PAGE showed that native eCL-1 and eCL-2have an SDS-resistant octameric structure (a tetramer of disulphide-linked dimers). Northern and Western blot analyses demonstrated high-level expression of eCL-1 and eCL-2 mRNAs and their protein products in gills from freshwater eels, which decreased markedly when the eels were transferred from freshwater to seawater. Immunohistochemistry showed that the eel lectins are localized in the exocrine mucous cells of the gill.

Morphology and ultrastructure of oral strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 588-600
Author(s):  
S C Holt ◽  
A C Tanner ◽  
S S Socransky
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Haemophilus Aphrophilus ◽  
Ruthenium Red Staining ◽  
Amorphous Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron

Selected human oral and nonoral strains of the genera Actinobacillus and Haemophilus were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The strains examined were morphologically identical to recognized Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, and Haemophilus paraphrophilus. By transmission electron microscopy, the cells were typically gram negative in morphology, with several strains possessing some extracellular ruthenium red-staining polymeric material. Numerous vesicular structures, morphologically identical to lipopolysaccharide vesicles, were seen to originate from and be continuous with the surface of the outer membrane. Large numbers of these vesicles were also found in the external environment. Scanning electron microscopic observations revealed that both actinobacilli and haemophili possessed surface projections and an amorphous surface material which connected and covered adjacent cells.

Cell surface saccharides of Trypanosoma lewisi. I. Polycation-induced cell agglutination and fine-structure cytochemistry

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-644
Author(s):  
D.M. Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Surface Coat ◽  
Cell Agglutination ◽  
Trypanosoma Lewisi ◽  
Cationic Compounds

Trypanosoma lewisi bloodstream and culture forms were agglutinated differentially with low concentrations of the cationic compounds: ruthenium red, ruthenium violet, Alcian blue chloride, 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride, lanthanum chloride, and cationized ferritin. The bloodstream form trypanosomes gave the highest agglutination levels with each of the compounds tested. Ruthenium red was the most effective inducer of cell agglutination among the several cations used. Trypsin-treated bloodstream forms were agglutinated less in the presence of ruthenium red than untreated controls. Ruthenium red-induced cell agglutination also was lowered with chondroitin sulphate and dextran sulphate, but not with alpha-D-glucose, alpha-D-mannose or with several methyl glycosides. Treatment of the bloodstream trypanosomes with alpha-amylase, dextranase, or neuraminidase had little effect on agglutination levels obtained with ruthenium red. Fine-structure cytochemical staining with ruthenium red, ruthenium violet, and Alcian blue-lanthanum nitrate was used to ascertain the presence and distribution of presumptive carbohydrates in the trypanosome cell surface. The extracellular surface coat of the bloodstream forms stained densely with each of the polycationic dyes. Trypsin treatment removed the surface coat from bloodstream trypanosomes; however, the surface membranes of the organisms were stained densely with the several dyes. Similar surface-membrane staining was obtained with the cationic compounds and the culture forms, which lack a cell surface coat. Cationized ferrin was used at the fine-structure level to visualize the negative surface charge present in the cell surface coat and external membrane of the several trypanosome stages. Results obrained from the agglutination and cytochemistry experiments indicate that complex polysaccharides are present in the surface membranes and cell surface coat of T. lewisi bloodstream forms. Similar conclusions also pertain to the surface membranes of the T. lewisi culture from trypanosomes. The carbohydrates probably represent glycopeptide and glycoprotein structural components of the surface membrane of this organism.

Observation of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 using the Tokuyasu method

Microscopy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
Takamichi Kamigaki ◽  
Akihiro Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽  
Ruthenium Red Staining ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

Abstract Some species of lactic acid bacteria used for the production of natural cheese produce exopolysaccharides (EPS). Electron microscopy is useful for analyzing the microstructure of EPS produced by lactic acid bacteria. However, pretreatments used to observe the microstructure of EPS by electron microscopy, such as dehydration and resin embedding, can result in EPS flowing out easily from the cell. Therefore, in this study, the Tokuyasu method was conducted on cryosection to reduce EPS outflow. Two types of observation method, namely, using lectin and ruthenium red, were conducted in an attempt to observe EPS produced by Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171. Observation using the lectin method confirmed that colloidal gold particles conjugated with a lectin recognizing β-galactoside were present in the capsule. Structures that appeared to be β-galactoside-containing slime polysaccharides that were released from the cell wall were also observed. Observation using ruthenium red showed that capsular polysaccharides (CPS) in the capsule were present as a net-like structure. Colloidal gold conjugation with an anti-β-lactoglobulin antibody, in addition to ruthenium red staining, allowed the identification of slime polysaccharides released from the cell wall in the milk protein network derived from the culture medium. Based on these results, the Tokuyasu method was considered to be a useful pretreatment method to clarify and observe the presence of EPS. In particular, both CPS in the capsule and slime exopolysaccharides released from the cell wall were visualized.

Ruthenium red staining of rat glomerulus

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Ruthenium Red Staining
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