Avoidance training in both alcohol and non-drug states increases the resistance-to-extinction of an avoidance response in rats

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morrie Baum
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Resistance To Extinction

Self-Punishment for Responding by Monkeys during Extinction of Discriminated Avoidance: Effects of Previous Stimulus Change Reinforcement

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. McGovern ◽  
Richard H. Haude
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Stimulus Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Response Lever ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Avoidance Procedure ◽  
Lever Pressing

Two groups of rhesus monkeys acquired a discriminated avoidance response (lever-pressing) under different training procedures. One group was trained using a conventional escape-avoidance procedure for 6 training sessions. The other group received one escape-avoidance session following 5 training sessions with stimulus-change reinforcement in which lever pressing momentarily terminated the light-tone combination later used as CS during avoidance training. Experience with stimulus change reinforcement facilitated acquisition of avoidance responding. Both groups showed self-punishment during extinction and did not differ significantly on this dimension.

Memory and Ribonucleic Acid (Rna): Transfer of an Avoidance Response

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Lepore ◽  
Raymond Ducharme ◽  
Bruno Cardu
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Experimental Group

4 groups of rats were used to test the hypothesis that learning can be “transferred” by means of “ribonucleic” acid (RNA). The experimental group was injected with RNA obtained from the brains of rats conditioned to an avoidance response. The control group received no RNA. A second control group was given RNA which came from the brains of non-conditioned rats. The fourth group received RNA extracted from the muscles of conditioned rats. The results did not confirm the transfer hypothesis since no RNA facilitating effect on subsequent avoidance training was observed.

Joint Effects of Intertrial and Intersession Interval upon Avoidance Learning

1964 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Robert Brush ◽  
James S. Myer ◽  
Michael E. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Avoidance Learning ◽  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Intertrial Interval ◽  
Original Learning ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Joint Effects ◽  
Intersession Interval ◽  
Interval Functions

The effect of intertrial and intersession interval on the relearning of an incompletely learned avoidance response was studied in a factorial experiment having three intertrial intervals—½, 1, and 2 min.—and five intersession intervals—.08, 1, 4, 24, and 168 hr. Original learning was avoidance training to a criterion, and relearning was 40 trials of the same training. Five groups of 10 rats, matched for rate of original learning, were trained at each intertrial interval. The number of avoidance responses during relearning was a U-shaped function of intersession interval for all intertrial intervals. During the first 10 relearning trials, the maximum interfering effect occurred after an intersession interval of 24 hr. in the ½-min. groups and after 4 hr. in the 1- and 2-min. groups. During the rest of relearning, maximum interference was reached after 1 hr., and the intersession interval functions were independent of intertrial interval, except for over-all level. These results were interpreted in terms of a “parasympathetic over-reaction” following fear conditioning.

Observational Learning of a Discriminative Shuttlebox Avoidance by Rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1151-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezio Sanavio ◽  
Ugo Savardi
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Observational Learning ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Shuttlebox Avoidance ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Naive Model

The study of observational learning of discriminative avoidance response in shuttlebox has methodological advantages over the usual appetitive responses. Three groups of 10 Wistar rats each received avoidance training after observation of a trained model, after observation of a naive model, after adaptation to procedure and no model. The first group performed better than the naive-model group both for frequency and latency of responses. The hypothesis that this learning occurs through observation of the model's behavior explains these results. However, observing the behavior to be learned does not facilitate acquisition of the avoidance response compared with rats learning after adaptation and no model.

Effect of Alcohol on the Acquisition and Resistance-To-Extinction of Avoidance Responses in Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morrie Baum
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Avoidance Learning ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Escape Trial ◽  
Resistance To Extinction ◽  
Alcohol Alcohol ◽  
Avoidance Responses

Two experiments were conducted to explore the effects of alcohol on avoidance behavior in rats. In Exp. I, the effect of alcohol on the acquisition of an avoidance response was examined in a 2 × 4 factorial design. Groups of rats were trained to avoid in one of two simple avoidance tasks following the administration of one of four doses of alcohol. Alcohol significantly affected the latency of the first escape trial but did not significantly influence any of the measures of avoidance learning. In Exp. II, a 2 × 3 factorial design was employed to study the effect of alcohol on the resistance-to-extinction of a previously learned avoidance response. Rats were trained to avoid in one of the two tasks and then were given one of three doses of alcohol prior to extinction. Alcohol significantly influenced resistance-to-extinction, with the appropriate dose increasing the persistence of the response. The results of these experiments were taken to indicate that (a) alcohol does not really reduce fear in rats or (b) alcohol reduces fear, but the level of fear does not determine the acquisition or extinction of simple avoidance responses.

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