Ingestion rate, assimilation efficiency and energy balance in Mytilus chilensis in relation to body size and different algal concentrations

1982 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Navarro ◽  
J. E. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency

scholarly journals Apparent Assimilation Efficiency in Artemia Related to Body Size and Ingestion Rate

1994 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-510
Author(s):  
Yoshihachiro Nimura ◽  
Kenji Nanba ◽  
Idris Miah
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency

Effects of body-size and season on digestive organ size and the energy balance of cockles fed with a constant diet of phytoplankton

2008 ◽  
Vol 178 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ibarrola ◽  
X. Larretxea ◽  
E. Navarro ◽  
J. I. P. Iglesias ◽  
M. B. Urrutia
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Digestive Organ

Physiological energetics of the estuarine crab Hemigrapsus crenulatus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Varunidae): responses to different salinity levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Urbina ◽  
Kurt Paschke ◽  
Paulina Gebauer ◽  
Oscar R. Chaparro
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Decapod Crustacean ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Physiological Energetics

Hemigrapsus crenulatus is an abundant and frequent decapod crustacean inhabiting estuarine environments, where it must tolerate large shifts in salinity. The present study evaluates the effect of salinity (5, 13, 21 and 30 psu) on the adult physiological processes related to the energy balance. The growth potential (SFG) and the respired oxygen:excreted nitrogen ratio were used as indices of stress. Ingestion, excretion and respiration rates showed a significant dependence on salinity, being higher at low salinities. The assimilation efficiency remained constant along the studied salinity gradient. The assimilation and ingestion rates were inversely related with the salinity. Given this scenario, the growth potential remained constant within the studied salinity gradient, as did the oxygen:nitrogen ratio. The results suggest that the increased energy losses at low salinity due to respiration and excretion are compensated by an increment in the ingestion rate, contributing to the success of H. crenulatus in dynamic habitats such as estuaries.

Diet and feeding of Neomysis mercedis Holmes (Crustacea, Mysidacea) from the Fraser River Estuary, British Columbia

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 813-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Johnston ◽  
D. C. Lasenby
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepods

Neomysis mercedis in the Fraser River estuary is a predator on the meiobenthos, especially harpacticoid copepods. There are no clear seasonal differences in its utilization of food resources. The consumption rate of N. mercedis feeding from natural sediments varies with body size and temperature as C = 3.81 W0.782T0.515, where C is the consumption rate of meiofauna in micrograms dry weight per animal per hour, W is the mysid size in milligrams dry weight, and T is the temperature in degrees Celsius. The weight dependence of the ingestion rate is identical to that of the metabolic rate but the temperature dependence is significantly lower. The mysid selectively feeds on the organic fraction of the sediments but only one-half of the ingested material (by weight) is of biological origin. In mid-April, mysid predation may result in a 12% per day mortality rate on harpacticoid copepods. Thus, mysid predation may strongly influence meiofaunal densities.

Solar Absorptance of Some Australian Lizards and Its Relationship to Temperature

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Christian ◽  
GS Bedford ◽  
ST Shannahan
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Energy Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Solar Absorptance ◽  
Wide Range

The absorptance to solar radiation, integrated across a wide range of wavelengths, was measured for selected species of Australian lizards. Some, but not all, agamids demonstrated the ability to change absorptance. None of the varanid lizards measured changed absorptance, including Varanus storri, which had been reported to change colour. An energy balance model was used to explore the effects of absorptance, changes in absorptance, and body size in varanid lizards, the dragon Ctenophorus caudicinctus (which changed absorptance from 77.0 to 87.7%) and the frillneck lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingii). Although higher absorptance values generally result in higher body temperatures, the effect of body size is great and must be taken into account in comparisons. Although some species with high absorptances are associated with relatively cool climates (Varanus rosenbergi) or with a semi-aquatic lifestyle (V. mertensi), the absorptances of other species are not as easily explained [such as the high absorptances of the tropical terrestrial V. panoptes (87%) and the tropical arboreal V. scalaris (86%)]. The absorptances of more species are required before the importance of climate and phylogenetic relationships can be fully evaluated. To facilitate future measurements, the apparatus used in this study is described in detail.

ACTIVITY, CALORIE INTAKE, FAT STORAGE, AND THE ENERGY BALANCE OF INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Hedwig E. Rose ◽  
Jean Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Fat Storage ◽  
Average Individual

Activity has long been known to be a major factor in the energy balance of moving organisms. Recently, the relative inactivity of obese individuals and the hyperactivity of thin individuals have received much attention. A study of the relationships of activity, growth, fat storage, and calorie intake of 31 infants living under normal home environmental conditions suggests that the unusually fat and the unusually thin infant may have, respectively, a smaller and larger number of active cells and, therefore, lower and higher BMR's per unit of body mass than the average individual. This would seem to confirm the theory that BMR is a function of inherent mitochondrial activity rather than of body size or shape.

scholarly journals Energy balance in rats given chronic hormone treatment

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. H. Woodward ◽  
Peter W. Emery
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

1. Sprague–Dawley rats were given corticosterone for 4 to 14 d either by subcutaneous injection (50 mg/kg body-weight per d) or as a higher dose in the diet (1 g/kg diet). Energy balance was calculated using the comparative carcass technique.2. Corticosterone significantly suppressed growth rate by at least 50% (P < 0·001 in all experiments). The reduction in growth was more marked in males than in females.3. Hormone treatment significantly reduced metabolizable intake (kJ/d) in males but not in females. Expressed relative to either metabolic body size (kg body-weight0·75) or fat-free mass, metabolizable intake tended to be increased in the treated groups.4. Energy expenditure, calculated as the difference between metabolizable intake and gain and expressed as kJ/d, did not differ between treated and control rats. Relative to either metabolic body size or fat-free mass, expenditure was consistently increased in treated rats. This change was statistically significant in five of the eight comparisons.5. The corticosterone-treated rat is characterized by high energy intake and expenditure relative to its body size and growth rate. Alterations in the relative sizes of different lean tissues may contribute to these changes.

Temperature Acclimation of Mytilus Edulis With Reference to its Energy Budget

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Widdows ◽  
B. L. Bayne
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Temperature Acclimation

Mytilus edulis L. is shown to acclimate to high and low temperature under laboratory conditions. The warm and cold acclimation of oxygen consumption, filtration rate and assimilation efficiency are described for groups of animals maintained at three food-cell concentrations. Complete acclimation (Precht's type 2) of oxygen consumption and filtration rate occur within 14 days. There is no change in assimilation efficiency within the 28-day experimental period. The results are integrated and discussed in the context of a simple energy budget. In terms of the energy budget there exists a marked contrast between warm and cold acclimation. An “index of energy balance” is proposed in order to assess the state of the energy balance. When animals are fed above the maintenance requirement the energy budget remains in an equilibrium state during cold acclimation, whereas the acclimation to a warm temperature regime disrupts the balance and represents a physiological stress. During warm acclimation, prior to the re-establishment of an energy equilibrium the blood sugar level increases, suggesting that the animal is required to mobilize and utilize its energy reserves.

scholarly journals Energy balance, early life body size, and plasma prolactin levels in postmenopausal women

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuefen Su ◽  
Susan E. Hankinson ◽  
Charles V. Clevenger ◽  
A. Heather Eliassen ◽  
Shelley S. Tworoger
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Plasma Prolactin
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