Solar Absorptance of Some Australian Lizards and Its Relationship to Temperature

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Christian ◽  
GS Bedford ◽  
ST Shannahan
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Energy Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Solar Absorptance ◽  
Wide Range

The absorptance to solar radiation, integrated across a wide range of wavelengths, was measured for selected species of Australian lizards. Some, but not all, agamids demonstrated the ability to change absorptance. None of the varanid lizards measured changed absorptance, including Varanus storri, which had been reported to change colour. An energy balance model was used to explore the effects of absorptance, changes in absorptance, and body size in varanid lizards, the dragon Ctenophorus caudicinctus (which changed absorptance from 77.0 to 87.7%) and the frillneck lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingii). Although higher absorptance values generally result in higher body temperatures, the effect of body size is great and must be taken into account in comparisons. Although some species with high absorptances are associated with relatively cool climates (Varanus rosenbergi) or with a semi-aquatic lifestyle (V. mertensi), the absorptances of other species are not as easily explained [such as the high absorptances of the tropical terrestrial V. panoptes (87%) and the tropical arboreal V. scalaris (86%)]. The absorptances of more species are required before the importance of climate and phylogenetic relationships can be fully evaluated. To facilitate future measurements, the apparatus used in this study is described in detail.

Modeling Energy Balance and Airflow Characteristics in a Naturally Ventilated High Tunnel

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1683-1697
Author(s):  
Muzi Zheng ◽  
Brian G. Leib ◽  
David M. Butler ◽  
Wesley Wright ◽  
Paul Ayers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Energy Balance Model ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
Flux Calculation ◽  
Door Opening

Abstract. High tunnels (HTs) are used worldwide for greater crop sustainability and profitability, but producers are finding it difficult to control the trapped heat inside HTs. Clearly, proper ventilation management is crucial for obtaining marketable yield and quality, but the ability to predict HT ventilation based solely on external climate parameters is limited. This project analyzes daytime ventilation rates in a Gothic-type HT located in eastern Tennessee. A numerical energy balance model was developed to calculate air flux, and the estimated values of air flux were compared with measured values from sonic and hot-wire anemometers. Uniquely, this study takes into account the sensible and latent heat exchanges between inside and outside conditions, the radiative and convective transfer mechanisms, and the effects of external wind conditions on the incoming air flux. Moreover, relationships between the external weather conditions and internal microclimate were developed so that air flux, inside temperature, and door opening level could be predicted with the energy balance model using only external weather data. The energy balance model revealed that the HT plastic surface reflected nearly 20% of the solar radiation, that 1% of the solar energy was stored in the air (considered negligible), and that 5% of the solar energy was stored in the soil, while the majority of available solar radiation, 74%, was removed through natural ventilation. There was good agreement between the predictive energy balance model and the direct air flux calculation for ventilation rate (R2 > 0.70). At the windward end of the HT, the airflow entering the door was mostly perpendicular to the plane of the door opening, which indicated that the fluctuation of outside wind direction had limited effect on the airflow patterns through the door. As a significant indicator of the energy balance model’s usefulness, the predicted inside air temperature was validated as similar to the measured values. Thus, the results showed strong evidence that the coupling of the energy balance model and air flux calculation based on external weather parameters can be a valuable method to predict inside microclimate conditions and can be used to estimate the door opening level. Keywords: Air flux, Energy balance, High tunnel, Natural ventilation.

scholarly journals WHATCH’EM: A Weather-Driven Energy Balance Model for Determining Water Height and Temperature in Container Habitats for Aedes aegypti

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Steinhoff ◽  
Andrew J. Monaghan ◽  
Lars Eisen ◽  
Michael J. Barlage ◽  
Thomas M. Hopson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Energy Balance Model ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Height ◽  
Container Habitats

Abstract The mosquito virus vector Aedes (Ae.) aegypti exploits a wide range of containers as sites for egg laying and development of the immature life stages, yet the approaches for modeling meteorologically sensitive container water dynamics have been limited. This study introduces the Water Height and Temperature in Container Habitats Energy Model (WHATCH’EM), a state-of-the-science, physically based energy balance model of water height and temperature in containers that may serve as development sites for mosquitoes. The authors employ WHATCH’EM to model container water dynamics in three cities along a climatic gradient in México ranging from sea level, where Ae. aegypti is highly abundant, to ~2100 m, where Ae. aegypti is rarely found. When compared with measurements from a 1-month field experiment in two of these cities during summer 2013, WHATCH’EM realistically simulates the daily mean and range of water temperature for a variety of containers. To examine container dynamics for an entire season, WHATCH’EM is also driven with field-derived meteorological data from May to September 2011 and evaluated for three commonly encountered container types. WHATCH’EM simulates the highly nonlinear manner in which air temperature, humidity, rainfall, clouds, and container characteristics (shape, size, and color) determine water temperature and height. Sunlight exposure, modulated by clouds and shading from nearby objects, plays a first-order role. In general, simulated water temperatures are higher for containers that are larger, darker, and receive more sunlight. WHATCH’EM simulations will be helpful in understanding the limiting meteorological and container-related factors for proliferation of Ae. aegypti and may be useful for informing weather-driven early warning systems for viruses transmitted by Ae. aegypti.

scholarly journals Water and Energy Balance Model GOES-PRWEB: Development and Validation

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Eric W. Harmsen ◽  
John R. Mecikalski ◽  
Victor J. Reventos ◽  
Estefanía Álvarez Pérez ◽  
Sopuruchi S. Uwakweh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Energy Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Us Virgin Islands ◽  
The University

In 2009, the University of Alabama-Huntsville configured their GOES satellited-based solar radiation product to include Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands (USVI), Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, and Cuba. The half-hourly and daily integrated data are available at 1 km resolution for Puerto Rico and the USVI and 2 km for Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Cuba. These data made it possible to implement estimates of satellite radiation-based evapotranspiration methods on all of the islands. The use of the solar radiation data in combination with estimates of other climate parameters facilitated the development of a water and energy balance algorithm for Puerto Rico. The purpose of this paper is to describe the theoretical background and technical approach for estimating the components of the daily water and energy balance. The operational water and energy bal-ance model is the first of its kind in Puerto Rico. Model validation results are presented for reference and actual evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and streamflow. Mean errors for all analyses were less than 7%. The water and energy balance model results can benefit such diverse fields as agriculture, ecology, coastal water management, human health, renewable energy development, water resources, drought monitoring, and disaster and emergency management. This research represents a preliminary step in developing a suite of gridded hydro-climate products for the Caribbean Region.

scholarly journals Response of the Energy Balance on the Margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet to Temperature Changes

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (123) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J. Braithwaite ◽  
Ole B. Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Energy Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Sensible Heat

AbstractDaily ice ablation on two outlet glaciers from the Greenland ice sheet, Nordbogletscher (1979–83) and Qamanârssûp sermia (1980–86), is related to air temperature by a linear regression equation. Analysis of this ablation-temperature equation with the help of a simple energy-balance model shows that sensible-heat flux has the greatest temperature response and accounts for about one-half of the temperature response of ablation. Net radiation accounts for about one-quarter of the temperature response of ablation, and latent-heat flux and errors account for the remainder. The temperature response of sensible-heat flux at QQamanârssûp sermia is greater than at Nordbogletscher mainly due to higher average wind speeds. The association of high winds with high temperatures during Föhn events further increases sensible-heat flux. The energy-balance model shows that ablation from a snow surface is only about half that from an ice surface at the same air temperature.

Estimation of mass and energy balance of glaciers using a distributed energy balance model over the Chandra river basin (Western Himalaya)

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akansha Patel ◽  
Ajanta Goswami ◽  
Jaydeo K. Dharpure ◽  
Meloth Thamban ◽  
Parmanand Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Energy Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Distributed Energy

Surface energy balance model of transpiration from variable canopy cover and evaporation from residue-covered or bare-soil systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Octavio Lagos ◽  
Derrel L. Martin ◽  
Shashi B. Verma ◽  
Andrew Suyker ◽  
Suat Irmak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Energy Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Soil Systems
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document