Insect epidermis: disturbance of supracellular tissue polarity does not prevent the expression of cell polarity

1987 ◽  
Vol 196 (5) ◽  
pp. 286-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina N�bler-Jung
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Tissue Polarity ◽  
Insect Epidermis

scholarly journals Celsr1 and CAMSAP3 differently regulate intercellular and intracellular cilia orientation in oviduct multiciliated cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiko Matsukawa Usami ◽  
Masaki Arata ◽  
Dongbo Shi ◽  
Sanae Oka ◽  
Yoko Higuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Generating Functional ◽  
Tissue Polarity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Multiciliated Cells ◽  
Polarity Regulation

SummaryThe molecular mechanisms by which cilia orientation is coordinated within and between multiciliated cells (MCCs) is not fully understood. By observing the orientation of basal bodies (BB) in MCCs of mouse oviducts, here, we show that Celsr1, a planar cell polarity (PCP) factor involved in tissue polarity regulation, is dispensable for determining BB orientation in individual cells, whereas CAMSAP3, a microtubule minus-end regulator, is critical for this process but not for PCP. MCCs exhibit a characteristic BB orientation and microtubule gradient along the tissue axis, and these intracellular polarities were maintained in the cells lacking Celsr1, although the intercellular coordination of the polarities was partly disrupted. On the other hand, CAMSAP3 regulated the assembly of microtubules interconnecting BBs by localizing at the BBs, and its mutation led to disruption of intracellular coordination of BB orientation, but not affecting PCP factor localization. Thus, both Celsr1 and CAMSAP3 are responsible for BB orientation but in distinct ways; and therefore, their cooperation should be critical for generating functional multiciliated tissues.

scholarly journals Planar Cell Polarity Signaling Pathway in Congenital Heart Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Wu ◽  
Jiao Ge ◽  
Xupei Huang ◽  
Yimin Hua ◽  
Dezhi Mu
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Cardiac Differentiation ◽  
Tissue Polarity ◽  
Cardiac Disorder ◽  
Pcp Signaling

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a common cardiac disorder in humans. Despite many advances in the understanding of CHD and the identification of many associated genes, the fundamental etiology for the majority of cases remains unclear. The planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway, responsible for tissue polarity inDrosophilaand gastrulation movements and cardiogenesis in vertebrates, has been shown to play multiple roles during cardiac differentiation and development. The disrupted function of PCP signaling is connected to some CHDs. Here, we summarize our current understanding of how PCP factors affect the pathogenesis of CHD.

Dishevelled is a component of the frizzled signaling pathway in Drosophila

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (12) ◽  
pp. 4095-4102 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Krasnow ◽  
L.L. Wong ◽  
P.N. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Receptor Complex ◽  
Transduction Pathway ◽  
General Role ◽  
Tissue Polarity ◽  
Developmental Patterning ◽  
Single Process ◽  
Genetic Hierarchy

The tissue polarity genes in Drosophila are required to coordinate cell polarity within the plane of the epidermis. Evidence to date suggests that these genes may encode components of a novel signal transduction pathway. Three of the genes, frizzled (fz), dishevelled (dsh), and prickle (pk) share a similar tissue polarity phenotype, suggesting that they function together in a single process. dsh is also known to function as a mediator of wingless (wg) signaling in a variety of developmental patterning processes in the fly. In this study, we make use of a fz transgene and a hypomorphic fz allele as genetic tools in an attempt to order these genes in a genetic hierarchy. Our results argue that dsh encodes a dosage sensitive component required for fz function and that it likely acts downstream of fz in the generation of tissue polarity. Our findings suggest that dsh may have a general role in signal transduction, perhaps as a component of a receptor complex.

scholarly journals Mitotic internalization of planar cell polarity proteins preserves tissue polarity

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 893-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danelle Devenport ◽  
Daniel Oristian ◽  
Evan Heller ◽  
Elaine Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Tissue Polarity ◽  
Polarity Proteins

scholarly journals Cell and tissue polarity in the intestinal tract during tumourigenesis: cells still know the right way up, but tissue organization is lost

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1629) ◽  
pp. 20130014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliya Fatehullah ◽  
Paul L. Appleton ◽  
Inke S. Näthke
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Tissue Polarity ◽  
Tissue Organization ◽  
Cancer Mutations ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Mouse Intestine ◽  
The Right ◽  
Developed World

Cell and tissue polarity are tightly coupled and are vital for normal tissue homeostasis. Changes in cellular and tissue organization are common to even early stages of disease, particularly cancer. The digestive tract is the site of the second most common cause of cancer deaths in the developed world. Tumours in this tissue arise in an epithelium that has a number of axes of cell and tissue polarity. Changes in cell and tissue polarity in response to genetic changes that are known to underpin disease progression provide clues about the link between molecular-, cellular- and tissue-based mechanisms that accompany cancer. Mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) are common to most colorectal cancers in humans and are sufficient to cause tumours in mouse intestine. Tissue organoids mimic many features of whole tissue and permit identifying changes at different times after inactivation of APC. Using gut organoids, we show that tissue polarity is lost very early during cancer progression, whereas cell polarity, at least apical–basal polarity, is maintained and changes only at later stages. These observations reflect the situation in tumours and validate tissue organoids as a useful system to investigate the relationship between cell polarity and tissue organization.

Tissue polarity in an insect segment: denticle patterns resemble spontaneously forming fibroblast patterns

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nubler-Jung
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Orthogonal Transformation ◽  
Characteristic Pattern ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Tissue Polarity ◽  
Insect Integument ◽  
Parallel Arrays

The insect integument displays planar tissue polarity in the uniform posterior orientation of denticles and bristles. How do cell polarities become uniformly oriented in the plane of the epidermal sheet? We have already shown that it is possible to disturb uniform denticle orientation in abdominal segments of Dysdercus (Nubler- Jung, 1987). Here I report that abnormally oriented denticles tend to form small arrays with uniform orientation. Adjacent arrays with divergent orientations realize a small repertory of characteristic pattern elements. We obtain these pattern elements by orthogonal transformation of pattern elements that form spontaneously in confluent fibroblast cultures, which rely on autonomous cell behaviour, and which later simplify into patterns predicted by specific boundary conditions (Elsdale & Wasoff, 1976); the only additional parameter required is planar cell polarity. The abnormal patterns in Dysdercus may thus also form spontaneously and may also rely on autonomous cell behaviour. The normal pattern is predicted by the parallel segment boundaries. I propose that the characteristic pattern elements in the larval epidermis may arise because elongated epidermal cells tend to arrange in parallel arrays and to orient in the same direction. The normal posterior orientation of cell polarities may result from orienting cues provided by the anterior and by the posterior intersegmental regions.

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