Precursors and genetic control of anthocyanin synthesis in Matthiola incana R. Br.

Planta ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert Forkmann
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Matthiola Incana

Genetic Control of Chalcone Synthase Activity in Flowers of Matthiola incana R.Br

1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Spribille ◽  
G. Forkmann
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Chalcone Synthase ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Chalcone Isomerase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Matthiola Incana ◽  
Anthocyanin Pathway ◽  
Malonyl Coa

Abstract Chalcone synthase activity was demonstrated in enzyme preparations from flowers of defined genotypes of Matthiola incana (stock). The product formed from 4-coumaroyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA was naringenin and not the isomeric chalcone, because chalcone isomerase was also present in the reaction mixture. Chalcone synthase activity could be detected only in flower extracts of genotypes with wild-type alleles at the locus f Thus, the interruption of the anthocyanin pathway in white flowering lines with recessive alleles (ff) of this gene is clearly due to a lack of this enzyme activity. Independent on the genetic state of the locus b which controls the formation of pelargonidin or cyanidin, respectively, in the flowers, 4-coumaroyl-CoA was the only suitable substrate for the condensation reaction.

scholarly journals GENETIC CONTROL OF QUERCETIN FORMATION IN THE ALEURONE TISSUE OF MAIZE

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
A R Reddy ◽  
G M Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Action Sequence ◽  
Aleurone Tissue ◽  
Dominant Genes

ABSTRACT The genes C, C2, R, A, A2, Bz, Bz2 and Pr are required for the formation of purple anthocyanin in the aleurone tissue of maize, and the recessive gene(s) result in non-purple (red, bronze and colorless). Aleurone extracts of recessive a and certain double recessive combinations were analyzed by paper chromatography, absorption spectra in the ultraviolet (UV) and infrared, mass spectra, and other analytical techniques. Homozygous recessive a tissue accumulates the flavonol, quercetin, while the double combinations a c and a r lack it, suggesting that dominant genes C and R are required for its formation and act prior to A in the synthesis of flavonols, as in the gene action sequence for anthocyanin synthesis. Dominant C-I inhibits the formation of quercetin, whereas Bz, Bz2 and In do not affect its formation. These results suggest a close biogenetic relationship between quercetin and cyanidin-3-glucoside and also independently confirm the position of A in both sequences.

UDP-Glucose: Anthocyanidin/FIavonol 3-O-Glucosyltransferase in Enzyme Preparation from Flower Extracts of Genetically Defined Lines of Matthiola incana R. Br.

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Teusch ◽  
G. Forkmann ◽  
W. Seyffert
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Matthiola Incana ◽  
Highly Active

Abstract In flower extracts of Matthiola incana an enzyme catalyzing the transfer of glucose from UDP- glucose to the hydroxyl group at 3-position of anthocyanidins and flavonols was demonstrated. The pH-optimum of this reaction is at pH 8.5 for pelargonidin and pH 9.5 for quercetin as substrate. The reaction is inhibited by both substrates above 10 nmol per assay. The enzyme is highly active, within 30 sec 3 nmol of 3-glucosides were formed. At 30 °C the enzyme is stable for hours and at -20 °C months. Besides UDP-glucose, TDP-glucose is a suitable glucosyl-donor, but with a reduced (70%) reaction rate. Enzyme activity is clearly inhibited by Fe2+ and Cu2+ ions, and by diethylpyrocarbonate. Acyanic or pale coloured mutants of several genes interfering with anthocyanin synthesis after dihydroflavonol formation show a more or less drastically reduced enzyme activity (5-40%). But none of these genes can be regarded as the structural gene for the 3-glucosyltransferase. The influence of these genes on enzyme activity and flower colour is dis­cussed.

Genetic control of UDP-glucose: anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase from flowers of Matthiola incana R.Br.

Planta ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 168 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Teusch ◽  
G. Forkmann ◽  
W. Seyffert
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Matthiola Incana
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