Does parasitic infection compromise host survival under extreme environmental conditions? The case for Cerithidea californica (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia)

Oecologia ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne P. Sousa ◽  
Mary Gleason
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cerithidea Californica

scholarly journals Geographic Differences in the Distribution of Parasitic Infections in Children of Bolivia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Camacho Alvarez ◽  
Philippe Goyens ◽  
Jenny Marcela Luizaga López ◽  
Frédérique Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Tropical Area ◽  
Protozoan Infections ◽  
Tropical Areas

Abstract Background: A high percentage of the population in Latin America lives with intestinal parasitic infections, neglected tropical diseases frequently not treated. Intestinal parasitism is associated other disorders but the information about the epidemiological situation in countries like Bolivia is scarce. Environmental conditions play its role in the prevalence of certain parasites. The main objective was to know the current situation of parasitic infections among children under twelve years old from different geographical areas of Cochabamba – Bolivia. Methodology: We analysed the laboratory reports of four second-line hospitals of different areas and the Tertiary Care Hospital. Results of stool examinations performed between 2011 and 2015 in children under twelve years of age were collected. Results: We gathered the results of 23221 examinations. The 89 % of children were less than five years old. Pathogenic parasites were found in 31 %. Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia were the two most prevalent parasites in all areas. Helminths were 19% of positive samples and Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent. Parasitic infections are more frequent in tropical area where helminths are highly concentrated. Pre-school age children (OR: 5.296; 95% CI: 4.81 - 5.83) and semi-tropical area (OR: 3.26; 95% CI: 2.90 - 3.66) were strongly associated to the presence of pathogenic parasites. Conclusions: Parasitic infections in children are still very prevalent in Bolivia. Protozoan infections are the major problem while the prevalence of helminths seems to be decreasing. The most vulnerable population is still concentrated in semi tropical and tropical areas where the risk of parasitic infection is probably increased due to the poor environmental conditions. Our results could allow reconsidering more effective parasitic disease control policies taking into account regional characteristics.

Intestinal Parasites In Children of Cochabamba – Bolivia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Camacho Alvarez ◽  
Philippe Goyens ◽  
Frédérique Jacobs ◽  
J. Marcela Luizaga López
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Protozoan Infections ◽  
Tropical Areas

Abstract Background: A high percentage of the population in Latin America lives with intestinal parasitic infections, neglected tropical diseases frequently not treated. Intestinal parasitism is associated with nutritional diseases but the information about the epidemiological situation in countries like Bolivia is scarce. Environmental conditions play an important role in the prevalence of certain parasites. The main objective was to know the current situation of parasitic infections among children under twelve years old from different geographical areas of the department of Cochabamba – Bolivia. Methods: We analysed the laboratory reports of four second-line hospitals of different areas and the Tertiary Care Hospital. Results of stool examinations performed between 2011 and 2015 in children under twelve years of age were collected. Results: We gathered the results of 23221 examinations. The 89 % of children were less than five years old. Pathogenic parasites were found in 31 %. Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia were the two most prevalent parasites in all areas. Helminths were found in only 19% of positive samples and Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent. Parasitic infections are more frequent in tropical area and helminths are highly concentrated in this area. Discussion and Conclusions: Parasitic infections in children are still very prevalent in Bolivia. Protozoan infections are the major problem while the prevalence of helminths seems to be decreasing. The most vulnerable population is still concentrated in tropical areas where the risk of parasitic infection is probably increased due to the environmental conditions. Our results will enable the planning of more efficient policies to control parasitic diseases.

Vibration Isolator System for Electron Microscope

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
K. Ohi ◽  
M. Mizuno ◽  
T. Kasai ◽  
Y. Ohkura ◽  
K. Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vibration Isolator ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Vibration Isolators ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Electron Microscopes

In recent years, with electron microscopes coming into wider use, their installation environments do not necessarily give their performance full play. Their environmental conditions include air-conditioners, magnetic fields, and vibrations. We report a jointly developed entirely new vibration isolator which is effective against the vibrations transmitted from the floor.Conventionally, large-sized vibration isolators which need the digging of a pit have been used. These vibration isolators, however, are large present problems of installation and maintenance because of their large-size.Thus, we intended to make a vibration isolator which1) eliminates the need for changing the installation room2) eliminates the need of maintenance and3) are compact in size and easily installable.

The influence of external conditions on sound pressure in the pistonphone at the infrasound frequency range

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
A. V. Konkov ◽  
D. V. Golovin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Numerical Estimations

The influence of environmental conditions on a sound pressure reproduced by the primary method in the measuring chambers of the Pistonphone in the frequency range from 1 mHz to 250 Hz is estimated. Numerical estimations of influence of environmental conditions on sound pressure in pistonphone measuring chambers are given and special requirements to system of maintenance of required external conditions are specified.

Disentangling the role of shared ancestry and the environment on leaf stable isotopes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko J. Spasojevic ◽  
Sören Weber1
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Shared Ancestry

Stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopes in plants are important indicators of plant water use efficiency and N acquisition strategies. While often regarded as being under environmental control, there is growing evidence that evolutionary history may also shape variation in stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) among plant species. Here we examined patterns of foliar δ13C and δ15N in alpine tundra for 59 species in 20 plant families. To assess the importance of environmental controls and evolutionary history, we examined if average δ13C and δ15N predictably differed among habitat types, if individual species exhibited intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in δ13C and δ15N, and if there were a significant phylogenetic signal in δ13C and δ15N. We found that variation among habitat types in both δ13C and δ15N mirrored well-known patterns of water and nitrogen limitation. Conversely, we also found that 40% of species exhibited no ITV in δ13C and 35% of species exhibited no ITV in δ15N, suggesting that some species are under stronger evolutionary control. However, we only found a modest signal of phylogenetic conservatism in δ13C and no phylogenetic signal in δ15N suggesting that shared ancestry is a weaker driver of tundra wide variation in stable isotopes. Together, our results suggest that both evolutionary history and local environmental conditions play a role in determining variation in δ13C and δ15N and that considering both factors can help with interpreting isotope patterns in nature and with predicting which species may be able to respond to rapidly changing environmental conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document