Maternal effects of general and regional specificity on embryos of Drosophila melanogaster caused by dunce and rutabaga mutant combinations

1988 ◽  
Vol 197 (5) ◽  
pp. 258-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Jozef Bellen ◽  
John Andrew Kiger
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Regional Specificity

scholarly journals X- and Y-chromosome linked paternal effects on a life-history trait

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urban Friberg ◽  
Andrew D. Stewart ◽  
William R. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life History ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Paternal Effects ◽  
Epigenetic Effects ◽  
Males And Females

Males and females usually invest asymmetrically in offspring. In species lacking parental care, females influence offspring in many ways, while males only contribute genetic material via their sperm. For this reason, maternal effects have long been considered an important source of phenotypic variation, while paternal effects have been presumed to be absent or negligible. The recent surge of studies showing trans-generational epigenetic effects questions this assumption, and indicates that paternal effects may be far more important than previously appreciated. Here, we test for sex-linked paternal effects in Drosophila melanogaster on a life-history trait, and find substantial support for both X- and Y-linked effects.

scholarly journals Genetic and molecular analysis of repression in the P–M system of hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster

1991 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Heath ◽  
Michael J. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Gonadal Dysgenesis ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Hybrid Dysgenesis ◽  
P Element ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Highly Correlated

SummaryTwelve inbred lines derived from an M′ strain of Drosophila melanogaster were used to study the repression of P-element-mediated hybrid dysgenesis. Initial assessments indicated that the lines differed in the ability to repress gonadal dysgenesis, and that this ability was highly correlated with the ability to repress snw hypermutability. Later assessments indicated that most of the lines with low or intermediate repression potential evolved to a state of higher repression potential; however, Southern analyses failed to reveal significant changes in the array of genomic P elements that could account for this evolution. In addition, none of the lines possessed the incomplete P element known as KP, which has been proposed to explain repression in some D. melanogaster strains. One of the lines maintained intermediate repression potential throughout the period of study (52 generations), indicating that the intermediate condition was not intrinsically unstable. Genetic analyses demonstrated that in some of the lines, repression potential was influenced by factors that were inherited maternally through at least two generations; however, these factors were not as influential as those in a classic P cytotype strain. Additional tests with a dysgenesis-inducing X chromosome called T-5 indicated that repression itself was mediated by a combination of maternal effects and paternally inherited factors that were expressed after fertilization. These tests also suggested that in some circumstances, the P transposase, or its message, might be transmitted through the maternal cytoplasm.

scholarly journals Quantitative genetics of postponed aging in Drosophila melanogaster. II. Analysis of selected lines.

Genetics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-737
Author(s):  
E W Hutchinson ◽  
A J Shaw ◽  
M R Rose
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Starvation Resistance ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation ◽  
Postponed Aging ◽  
Allelic Differentiation

Abstract Quantitative genetic analyses of Drosophila melanogaster stocks with postponed aging have suffered from the problem of a lack of certainty concerning patterns of allelic differentiation. The present experiments were designed to alleviate this difficulty by selecting for enhanced levels of characters known to be related to postponed aging. Selection successfully increased the degree of differentiation of postponed aging stocks with respect to starvation resistance and fecundity, but persistent additive genetic variance suggested that selection did not result in fixation of alleles. The artificially selected stocks were subjected to crosses to test for patterns of dominance and maternal effects. There was little evidence for these effects in the inheritance of the characters underlying postponed aging, even with the increased differentiation of the selected stocks.

scholarly journals Genetic and maternal variation for heat resistance in Drosophila from the field.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
N L Jenkins ◽  
A A Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Physiological Trait ◽  
Heritable Variation

Abstract In Drosophila, field heritability estimates have focused on morphological traits and ignored maternal effects. This study considers heritable variation and maternal effects in a physiological trait, heat resistance. Drosophila were collected from the field in Melbourne, Australia. Resistance was determined using knock-down time at 37 degrees. Drosophila melanogaster was more resistant than Drosophila simulans, and males tended to be more resistant than females. Field heritability and maternal effects were examined in D. simulans using the regression of laboratory-reared F1 and F2 onto field-collected parents. Males from the field were crossed to a laboratory stock to obtain progeny. The additive genetic component to variation in heat resistance was large and significant, and heritability was estimated to be around 0.5. A large maternal effect was also evident. Comparisons of regression coefficients suggested that the maternal effect was not associated with cytoplasmic factors. There was no correlation between body size (as measured by wing length) and heat resistance. Unlike in the case of morphological traits, the heritability for heat resistance in nature is not less than that measured in the laboratory.

scholarly journals Maternal effects influence temperature-dependent offspring survival in Drosophila melanogaster

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snigdha Mohan ◽  
Ton G.G. Groothuis ◽  
Chris Vinke ◽  
Jean-Christophe Billeter
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Intrinsic Plasticity ◽  
Response To Temperature

AbstractMothers may modulate the phenotype of their offspring by affecting their development based on her own environment. In changing environments, these maternal effects are thought to adjust offspring physiology and development and thus produce offspring better prepared to the environment experienced by the mother. However, evidence for this is scarce. Here we test the consequences of a match or mismatch between mother and offspring temperature conditions on growth, adult morphology and reproduction into the grandchildren generation in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. This experimental design tests the relative contribution of maternal effects and offspring intrinsic plasticity to the phenotypic response to temperature conditions. We manipulated maternal temperature conditions by exposing mothers to either 18°C or 29°C conditions. Their eggs developed at a temperature that was either matched or mismatched with the maternal one. Survival from egg to adult was higher when the maternal and offspring environments matched, showing maternal effects affecting a trait that is a close proxy for fitness. However developmental speed, adult size and fecundity responded to temperature mostly through offspring phenotypic plasticity and maternal effects only had a small contribution. The results provide experimental evidence for maternal effects in influencing a potentially adaptive offspring response to temperature in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. These effects appear to modulate early embryonic phenotypes such as survival, more than the adult phenotypes of the offspring.

scholarly journals Cytotype regulation in Drosophila melanogaster: synergism between telomeric and non-telomeric P elements

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 383-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARINA BELINCO ◽  
STEPHANIE N. DIPRIMA ◽  
RYAN E. WOLFF ◽  
MICHAEL W. THORP ◽  
JARED T. BUSCHETTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Hybrid Dysgenesis ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Two Generations

SummaryThe X-linked telomeric P elements TP5 and TP6 interact synergistically with non-telomeric P elements to repress hybrid dysgenesis. In this repression, the telomeric P elements exert maternal effects, which, however, are not sufficient to establish synergism with the non-telomeric P elements. Once synergism is established, the capacity to repress dysgenesis in the offspring of a cross persists for at least two generations after removing the telomeric P element from the genotype. At the molecular level, synergism between telomeric and non-telomeric P elements is correlated with effective elimination of P-element mRNA in the germ line. Maternally transmitted mutations in the genes aubergine, piwi and Suppressor of variegation 205 [Su(var)205] block the establishment of synergism between telomeric and non-telomeric P elements, and paternally transmitted mutations in piwi and Su(var)205 disrupt synergism that has already been established. These findings are discussed in terms of a model of cytotype regulation of P elements based on Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that are amplified by cycling between sense and antisense species.

scholarly journals MODIFICATIONS OF MEAN OVARIOLE NUMBER, FRESH WEIGHT OF ADULT FEMALES AND DEVELOPMENTAL TIME IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER INDUCED BY DROSOPHILA C VIRUS

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-644
Author(s):  
Michele Thomas-Orillard
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ovariole Number

ABSTRACT Drosophila C virus, a picornavirus that has some influence on ovarian morphogenesis, was discovered in a French strain of Drosophila melanogaster. When the strain was infected by Drosophila C virus (DCV), the mean number of ovarian tubes and weights of the adult females increased, but the developmental time from egg to imago decreased. The maternal effects observed when DCV was present disappeared when the strain was DCV free but were restored by experimental contamination.

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