Photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and distribution in the wild sunflower Helianthus petiolaris and the cultivated sunflower Helianthus annuus as influenced by water deficits

Oecologia ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Sobrado ◽  
Neil C. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Wild Sunflower ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Helianthus Petiolaris

Influence of Water Deficits on the Water Relations Characteristics and Productivity of Wild and Cultivated Sunflowers

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Sobrado ◽  
NC Turner
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
In The Wild

The effects of water deficits on the water relations characteristics and yield of two cultivated Helianthus annuus L. lines, Hysun 31 and Seneca, and two wild Helianthus species, H. nuttallii and H. petiolaris, were compared. The study was conducted on frequently irrigated and unirrigated plants growing in the field during the summer. Predawn measurements of leaf water potential and relative water content showed that, in the uninigated plants, water deficits increased in all species during the first month after sowing (period I), were relieved by rain in the second month (period II), and then increased progressively in the final month (period III). The osmotic potential at full turgor of unirrigated plants, estimated by pressure-volume curves, decreased by 0.12-0.22 MPa during periods I and III in the cultivated sunflowers, but did not decrease significantly in the wild sunflowers. Except in the irrigated Hysun 31 and Seneca during period I, the apoplastic water content was about 20% in all species and treatments. During period I, the turgid weight: dry weight ratio decreased significantly with water stress, particularly in the cultivated sunflowers; the changes were less marked in the wild sunflowers and during period III. Additionally, the turgid weight: dry weight ratio in the imgated cultivated sunflowers decreased throughout the season. The volumetric modulus of elasticity was similar among species and did not change with water stress or plant age. Dry matter accumulation was smaller in the wild species than in the cultivated lines; water stress reduced shoot dry matter similarly in all species. However, water deficits significantly reduced the seed yield only in Hysun 31 and Seneca.

Growth of spring barley under drought: crop development, photosynthesis, dry-matter accumulation and nutrient content

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Lawlor ◽  
W. Day ◽  
A. E. Johnston ◽  
B. J. Legg ◽  
K. J. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Grain Filling Period

SUMMARYThe effects of water deficit on growth of spring barley were analysed under five irrigation treatments. One crop was irrigated at weekly intervals from emergence throughout the growing season, and one was not irrigated at all after emergence. Soil water deficits in the other treatments were allowed to develop early, intermediate or late in the crop's development.Weekly irrigation produced a crop with a large leaf area index (maximum value 4) and maintained green leaf and awns throughout the grain-filling period. Early drought decreased leaf area index (maximum value 2) by slowing expansion of main-stem leaves and decreasing the number and growth of tiller leaves. Leaf senescence was also increased with drought. Drought late in the development of ears and leaves and during the grain-filling period caused leaves and awns to senesce so that the total photosynthetic areas decreased faster than with irrigation. Photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area was little affected by drought so total dry-matter production was most affected by differences in leaf area.Early drought gave fewer tillers (550/m2) and fewer grains per ear (18) than did irrigation (760 tillers/m2 and 21 grains per ear). Late irrigation after drought increased the number of grains per ear slightly but not the number of ears/m2. Thus at the start of the grain-filling period crops which had suffered drought early had fewer grains than irrigated (9·5 and 18·8 × 103/m2 respectively) or crops which suffered drought later in development (14 × 103/m2).During the first 2 weeks of filling, grains grew at almost the same rate in all treatments. Current assimilate supply was probably insufficient to provide this growth in crops which had suffered drought, and stem reserves were mobilized, as shown by the decrease in stem mass during the period. Grains filled for 8 days longer with irrigation and were heavier (36–38 mg) than without irrigation (29–30 mg). Drought throughout the grainfilling period after irrigation earlier in the season resulted in the smallest grains (29 mg).Grain yield depended on the number of ears, the number of grains per ear and mass per grain. Early drought decreased tillering and tiller ear production and the number of grains that filled in each ear. Late drought affected grain size via the effects on photosynthetic surface area.Drought decreased the concentrations of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the dry matter of crops, and irrigation after drought increased them. Concentration of nitrogen was little affected by treatment. Possible mechanisms by which water deficits and nutrient supply affect crop growth and yield are discussed.

scholarly journals NUTRIENTES E BIOMASSA NO CICLO VEGETATIVO DO GIRASSOL EM FUNÇÃO DO NITROGÊNIO EM COBERTURA

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-582
Author(s):  
Gustavo Soares Wenneck ◽  
Reni Saath ◽  
Camila De Souza Volpato ◽  
Larissa Leite de Araújo ◽  
Silvia Maraya Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
State University ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Nutritional Analysis ◽  
Vegetative Cycle ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Red Latosol

NUTRIENTES E BIOMASSA NO CICLO VEGETATIVO DO GIRASSOL EM FUNÇÃO DO NITROGÊNIO EM COBERTURA   GUSTAVO SOARES WENNECK1, RENI SAATH2, CAMILA DE SOUZA VOLPATO3, LARISSA LEITE DE ARAÚJO4, SILVIA MARAYA FERREIRA5   1Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia (PGA), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, CEP:87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. email:[email protected] 2Departamento de Agronomia (DAG), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, CEP:87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. email:[email protected] 3Departamento de Agronomia (DAG), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, CEP:87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. email:[email protected] 4Departamento de Agronomia (DAG), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, CEP:87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. email:[email protected] 5Departamento de Agronomia (DAG), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, CEP:87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. email:[email protected]   RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar no período vegetativo o desempenho agronômico do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) em função da aplicação de nitrogênio em cobertura. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Universidade Estadual de Maringá, adotando delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos (T1: sem N; T2: 40; T3: 80 e T4: 120 kg ha-1 de N), e oito repetições. O cultivo foi realizado em vasos de polietileno (5 dm-3) contendo latossolo vermelho, mantendo uma planta por unidade. Na semeadura utilizou-se 40 kg ha-1 de P2O5, 80 kg ha-1 de K2O e 2 kg ha-1 de B. A incorporação superficial da adubação nitrogenada foi realizada no estádio V8. Para análise nutricional, foram amostradas folhas do terço superior no estádio R4 e realizadas avaliações referentes à altura de plantas, diâmetro do colo, número de folhas e matéria seca de plantas no estádio R5. A dinâmica de acúmulo de nutrientes apresentou distintas respostas, sendo que o acúmulo de N foliar pode ser representado pela equação Y=-1,5725x²+10,13x+32,092, com R²=0,91. Houve efeito significativo ao acúmulo de matéria seca da parte aérea, com melhores respostas obtidas entre 78 a 91,5 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura.   Palavras-chaves: conversão eficiente, demanda nutricional, Helianthus annuus L.   NUTRIENTS AND BIOMASS IN THE SUNFLOWER VEGETATIVE CYCLE IN THE FUNCTION OF NITROGEN IN COVERAGE   ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in vegetative period according to the application of nitrogen in cover. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the State University of Maringá, adopting randomized blocks design with four treatments (T1: without N; T2: 40; T3: 80 and T4: 120 kg ha-1 of N), and eight replications. Cultivation was carried out in polyethylene pots (5 dm-3) containing red latosol, keeping one plant per unit. At sowing, it was use 40 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 80 kg ha-1 of K2O and 2 kg ha-1 of B. The superficial incorporation of nitrogen fertilization carried out at V8 stage. For nutritional analysis, leaves from the upper third sample at stage R4 and evaluations made regarding plant height, lap diameter, number of leaves and plant dry matter at the R5 stage. The dynamics of nutrient accumulation presented different responses, and the accumulation of leaf N can be represented by the equation Y = -1.5725x² + 10.13x + 32.092, with R² = 0.91. There was a significant effect on dry matter accumulation of the aerial part, with better result obtained between 78 and 91.5 kg ha-1 of N in the cover.    Keywords: conversion efficient, demand nutritional, Helianthus annuus L.

Characteristics of Dry Matter Accumulation and Effect of Fertilizer Application in Cassava

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Qiao-Yi HUANG ◽  
Shuan-Hu TANG ◽  
Jian-Sheng CHEN ◽  
Fa-Bao ZHANG ◽  
Kai-Zhi XIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

Photosynthetic Characteristics, Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation, Grain Filling Parameter of Three Main Maize Varieties in Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-Jun XU ◽  
Tian-Fang LYU ◽  
Jiu-Ran ZHAO ◽  
Rong-Huan WANG ◽  
Chuan-Yong CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Maize Varieties

Yield Component and Dry Matter Accumulation in Wheat Varieties with 9000 kg ha-1Yield Potential in Sichuan Basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Lu TANG ◽  
Chao-Su LI ◽  
Chun WU ◽  
Xiao-Li WU ◽  
Gang HUANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sichuan Basin ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Varieties
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