Effect of CO2 enrichment and nitrogen availability on resource acquisition and resource allocation in a grass, Bromus mollis

Oecologia ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Larigauderie ◽  
David W. Hilbert ◽  
Walter C. Oechel
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Bromus Mollis

scholarly journals Is the cost of herbicide resistance expressed in the breakdown of the relationships between characters? A case study using synthetic-auxin-resistant Arabidopsis thaliana mutants

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABRICE ROUX ◽  
XAVIER REBOUD
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Dominance Level ◽  
Cost Of Resistance ◽  
The Cost

A mutation endowing herbicide resistance is often found to induce a parallel morphological or fitness penalty. To test whether such ‘cost’ of resistance to herbicides is expressed through lower resource acquisition, changes in resource allocation, or both, is of ecological significance. Here, we analysed 12 morphological traits in 900 plants covering three herbicide resistance mutations at genes AUX1, AXR1 and AXR2 in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Comparing these 2,4-D herbicide-resistant homozygous (RR) and heterozygous (RS) plants to homozygous susceptible (SS) plants, this analysis estimates the dominance level of the resistance allele on morphology. We also demonstrated that the herbicide resistance cost was primarily expressed as a change in resource acquisition (62·1–94% of the analysed traits). Although AUX1, AXR1 and AXR2 genes act in the same metabolic pathway of auxin response, each resistance factor was found to have its own unique signature in the way the cost was expressed. Furthermore, no link was observed between the absolute fitness penalty and the respective modifications of resource acquisition and/or resource allocation in the resistant plants. These results and their implications for herbicide resistance spread and establishment are discussed.

Folk-economic beliefs as moral intuitions

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Moral Intuitions ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Evolutionary Explanations

AbstractAlthough Boyer & Petersen's (B&P's) cataloguing of and evolutionary explanations for folk-economic beliefs is important and valuable, the authors fail to connect their theories to existing explanations for why people do not think like economists. For instance, people often have moral intuitions akin to principles of fairness and justice that conflict with utilitarian approaches to resource allocation.

Mother or Wife?

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phia S. Salter ◽  
Glenn Adams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Relationship ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Church Membership ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Psychology Perspective ◽  
Cultural Ecological

Inspired by “Mother or Wife” African dilemma tales, the present research utilizes a cultural psychology perspective to explore the dynamic, mutual constitution of personal relationship tendencies and cultural-ecological affordances for neoliberal subjectivity and abstracted independence. We administered a resource allocation task in Ghana and the United States to assess the prioritization of conjugal/nuclear relationships over consanguine/kin relationships along three dimensions of sociocultural variation: nation (American and Ghanaian), residence (urban and rural), and church membership (Pentecostal Charismatic and Traditional Western Mission). Results show that tendencies to prioritize nuclear over kin relationships – especially spouses over parents – were greater among participants in the first compared to the second of each pair. Discussion considers issues for a cultural psychology of cultural dynamics.

Application of Information Introduced to Dynamic Message Processing and Enjoyment

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byungho Park ◽  
Rachel L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Orienting Response ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Message Complexity ◽  
Cognitive Resource ◽  
Cognitive Overload

Abstract. In an effort to quantify message complexity in such a way that predictions regarding the moment-to-moment cognitive and emotional processing of viewers would be made, Lang and her colleagues devised the coding system information introduced (or ii). This coding system quantifies the number of structural features that are known to consume cognitive resources and considers it in combination with the number of camera changes (cc) in the video, which supply additional cognitive resources owing to their elicitation of an orienting response. This study further validates ii using psychophysiological responses that index cognitive resource allocation and recognition memory. We also pose two novel hypotheses regarding the confluence of controlled and automatic processing and the effect of cognitive overload on enjoyment of messages. Thirty television advertisements were selected from a pool of 172 (all 20 s in length) based on their ii/cc ratio and ratings for their arousing content. Heart rate change over time showed significant deceleration (indicative of increased cognitive resource allocation) for messages with greater ii/cc ratios. Further, recognition memory worsened as ii/cc increased. It was also found that message complexity increases both automatic and controlled allocations to processing, and that the most complex messages may have created a state of cognitive overload, which was received as enjoyable by the participants in this television context.

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