Submicroscopic morphology of granular vesicles in sympathetic nerves of rat pineal body

1965 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Bondareff
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Pineal Body ◽  
Granular Vesicles

The accumulation of noradrenaline in constricted sympathetic nerves as studied by fluorescence and electron microscopy

1967 ◽  
Vol 167 (1008) ◽  
pp. 282-292 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hypogastric Nerve ◽  
Fluorescent Material ◽  
Dense Cores ◽  
Fluorescence And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Granular Vesicles ◽  
Electron Dense Core ◽  
Microscopic Findings

The effects of constricting post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves have been studied in the cat splenic nerve and guinea-pig hypogastric nerve. The results obtained using a fluorescence method for the histochemical localization of noradrenaline have been compared with electron microscopic findings. A close correlation was found between the accumulation of fluorescent material, attributable to noradrenaline, and of vesicles with an electron dense core (granular vesicles) believed to contain noradrenaline, proximal to the constriction in these nerves. This accumulation of noradrenaline was visible by 1 h after operation and increased rapidly in amount during the succeeding hours. It apparently reached a maximum after approximately 2 days and was found in what appeared to be newly formed axons 3 to 4 days after operation. Reserpine reduces the fluorescence and the number of vesicles with electron dense cores which accumulate proximal to the constriction. It is suggested, (1) that the fluorescent material is due, at least in part, to the presence of the granular vesicles, and (2) that the constriction has blocked the normal proximo-distal movement of noradrenaline which is believed to occur in post-ganglionic sympathetic axons.

Catecholamines and granular vesicles in adrenergic axons of the developing pineal body of the rat

1968 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. M. Machado ◽  
C. R. S. Machado ◽  
L. E. Wragg
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Body ◽  
Granular Vesicles

An electron microscopic study of the early changes distal to a constriction in sympathetic nerves

1969 ◽  
Vol 172 (1026) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Degenerative Change ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
Differential Movement ◽  
Granular Vesicles ◽  
Electron Dense Core ◽  
Myelin Figures

The ultrastructural changes distal to a constriction in unmyelinated postganglionic sympathetic axons have been studied in the cat splenic and hypogastric nerves at intervals up to 24h after operation. Since the immediate postoperative changes were identical with those found proximal to the lesion it was concluded that they were due to the mechanical effects of tying the ligature. Within a few hours of operation there was an accumulation of organelles immediately distal to the constriction. At all times this was greatest within 0.5 mm of the lesion and only rarely extended beyond the first 1 mm even after 24h. The organelles which accumulated included mitochondria, many of which were swollen, pleomorphic myelin figures, multi-vesicular bodies, agranular vesicles and vacuoles of various sizes. Vesicles with an electron dense core, i.e. granular vesicles did not accumulate distal to the constriction. Further from the constriction focal accumulations of some structures, in particular mitochondria and myelin figures, did occur but they were rare. In this part of the nerve there was generally a diminution in the number of organelles, and a marked alteration in the axonal morphology. Alternating swollen and narrow regions were common, and many axons were very irregular as if ‘collapsing’. While filaments and occasionally fine tubules persisted in some of these axons up to 24h after operation, there was a reduction in the endoplasmic reticulum. These findings are compared with those seen proximal to the constriction. Although there were some similarities, the absence of granular vesicles, the decrease in the axonal endoplasmic reticulum and the ‘collapse’ of the axons due to the decrease in their contents were notable differences. It is suggested that there is a differential movement of axoplasm and organelles distal to the constriction. Thus while granular vesicles and some axoplasm continue to move towards the periphery, mitochondria and a part of the axoplasm migrate proximally to the site of axonal injury and the region of maximal degenerative change. The movement of mitochondria is considered to indicate a reaction to injury rather than supporting the view that retrograde axoplasmic flow occurs in normal axons.

Human Neurofibromas in Co-Culture with Mouse Neurons

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
R.L. Martuza ◽  
T. Liszczak ◽  
A. Okun ◽  
T-Y Wang
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Acoustic Neuromas ◽  
Spinal Roots ◽  
Neural Crest Origin ◽  
Multiple Abnormalities ◽  
Other Neoplasms

Neurofibromatosis (NF) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with a prevalence of 1/3,000 births. The NF mutation causes multiple abnormalities of various cells of neural crest origin. Schwann cell tumors (neurofibromas, acoustic neuromas) are the most common feature of neurofibromatosis although meningiomas, gliomas, and other neoplasms may be seen. The schwann cell tumors commonly develop from the schwann cells associated with sensory or sympathetic nerves or their ganglia. Schwann cell tumors on ventral spinal roots or motor cranial nerves are much less common. Since the sensory neuron membrane is known to contain a mitogenic factor for schwann cells, we have postulated that neurofibromatosis may be due to an abnormal interaction between the nerve and the schwann cell and that this interaction may be hormonally modulated. To test this possibility a system has been developed in which an enriched schwannoma cell culture can be obtained and co-cultured with pure neurons.

Don't Look in the Pineal Body

Crisis ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-86
Author(s):  
John T. Maltsberger
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Body

STUDIES ON A NON-MELATONIN PINEAL ANTI-GONADOTROPHIN

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryant Benson ◽  
Mary Jane Matthews ◽  
Alvin E. Rodin
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Test System ◽  
Pineal Body ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Organic Solvent Extraction ◽  
Gland Function

ABSTRACT Continuing investigation of pineal gland function indicates that the anti-gonadotrophic activity of this organ cannot be attributed solely to the postulated hormone melatonin, the concentration of which is negligible in the pineal body compared to quantities required to produce unequivocal physiological effects. A non-melatonin antigonadotrophic substance recently isolated from bovine pineal glands was further purified by organic solvent extraction, ultrafiltration and gel filtration. Studies of partial blockage of compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in unilaterally ovariectomized Charles River CD-1 mice indicated that this substance is significantly more potent than melatonin in this test system.

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