Receptor-mediated and adsorptive endocytosis by male germ cells of different mammalian species

1992 ◽  
Vol 268 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Segretain ◽  
Monique Egloff ◽  
Nadine G�rard ◽  
Charles Pineau ◽  
Bernard J�gou
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Adsorptive Endocytosis

377 SPERMATOZOA RETRIEVED FROM MALE MICE FROZEN FOR 15 YEARS CAN PRODUCE NORMAL OFFSPRING

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
N. Ogonuki ◽  
K. Mochida ◽  
H. Miki ◽  
K. Inoue ◽  
T. Iwaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Abdominal Incision ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Testicular Spermatozoa ◽  
One Year ◽  
Normal Offspring

Cryopreservation of male germ cells is a strategy to conserve animal species and strains of animals valuable to biomedical research. However, to minimize damage that may occur during freezing and thawing, complex cryopreservation protocols that have been optimized for the stage and species of male germ cells are usually employed. Recently, we have found that mouse male germ cells can be cryopreserved at -80�C by freezing the whole epididymides and testes without cryoprotectant for at least one year (Ogonuki et al. 2006 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 18, 286 abst). This study was undertaken to determine whether mouse male germ cells retrieved from the bodies of mice frozen at -20�C for 15 years could produce normal offspring by microinsemination. Mature males of BALB/c-nude and C3H/He (8 weeks of age) were euthanized by overdose of pentobarbital on February 20 and March 8, 1991, respectively, and kept in a -20�C freezer. The frozen body was thawed about 15 years after freezing (February 2006) by putting it in a water bath until the outer surface of the body was softened. The body was then removed from the water, and the testes were isolated through an abdominal incision. Testicular spermatozoa were collected from the testes and microinseminated into B6D2F1 oocytes. Within 24 h after sperm injection, over 80% of oocytes developed into 2-cell embryos. Apparently normal pups were born after embryo transfer in both strains of mice at rates of 21% (17/81) and 12% (12/97) per transfer, respectively. Two pups from the BALB/c-nude group died shortly after Caesarian section due to respiratory failure, but others grew normally and were proven to be fertile when they matured (at least 19 mice out of 20 mice tested). We further mated these F1 offspring and confirmed that the nude gene was safely propagated. The present study demonstrates that spermatozoa can retain their fertilizing ability in frozen whole bodies for longer than we anticipated. If spermatozoa of extinct mammalian species (e.g. woolly mammoth) can be retrieved from animal bodies that were kept frozen in permanent frost, live animals might be restored by injecting them into oocytes from females of closely related species.

Are male germ cells of the arid-zone hopping mouse (Notomys alexis) sensitive to high environmental temperatures?

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wechalekar ◽  
B. P. Setchell ◽  
E. Peirce ◽  
C. Leigh ◽  
W. G. Breed
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Testicular Artery ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Body Heat

In most mammalian species, the temperature of scrotal testes is several degrees lower than that of core body temperature due to the presence of a counter-current heat exchange between the coiled testicular artery and the pampiniform plexus of veins. Here we ask: have hopping mice developed a highly efficient cooling mechanism within their scrotal sac and/or germ cell resistance to high environmental temperatures? To investigate this, adult male sexually mature Notomys alexis were used to determine: (1) the temperature of the testes; (2) the extent of coiling of the testicular artery; (3) the effect of artificially induced cryptorchidism on spermatogenesis up to three weeks after surgery; and (4) the effect of whole body heat exposure of 37−38°C for 8 h per day for three consecutive days on germ cell apoptosis. The results showed that in hopping mice the testicular artery, unlike that in most other mammalian species, is not coiled although the temperature in the scrotum was found to be ~2°C lower than that of the abdomen. In cryptorchid males, 21 days after surgery, testes weights were reduced in three of five individuals but there was no statistically significant decrease after 16 h exposure to whole body heat (P = 0.07). Nevertheless, some impairment of spermatogenesis was evident in both the cryptorchid testes and in the testes after whole body heating. These results show that in hopping mice developing male germ cells are susceptible to degeneration when testes are exposed to high environmental temperatures. Thus adaptations of Notomys alexis to the arid zone have not involved any special adaptations for male germ cell survival in a hot environment. Behavioural adaptations may play a pivotal role in maintaining maximal male fertility in such extreme environmental conditions.

sp42, the boar sperm tyrosine kinase, is a male germ cell-specific product with a highly conserved tissue expression extending to other mammalian species

1996 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-858
Author(s):  
G. Berruti ◽  
B. Borgonovo
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Boar Spermatozoa

sp42, a tyrosine kinase of 42 kDa originally found in ejaculated boar spermatozoa, is so far the only tyrosine protein kinase to have been purified from mature male germ cells. We have developed and characterized rabbit polyclonal antibodies specifically directed against the boar sperm enzyme, which has been here purified to homogeneity. Anti-sp42 serum and sp42 affinity-purified antibodies work very well in western blot, immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry, and do not inhibit sp42 catalytic activity. Immunoblotting analyses reveal the presence of sp42 both in maturing boar epididymal (caput, corpus and cauda segment) spermatozoa and in testicular spermatogenic cells, thus establishing that the protein is effectively expressed in the germ cells and is not a sperm-associated protein secreted by the epididymal epithelium or male accessory glands. This finding is further strengthened by the fact that sp42 is not glycosylated, since different lectins fail to bind to sp42 and treatment of sp42 with different deglycosylation enzymes does not result in a reduction of the molecular mass of sp42. When different boar tissues are immunoscreened in western blot analysis, the results are all sp42-negative. The extension of the study to other mammalian species (human, mouse and rat) demonstrates that proteins immunologically related to boar sp42, which share the same molecular mass and tyrosine kinase activity, are both expressed in spermatogenic cells and maintained in mature sperm cells. Intriguingly, when a wide spectrum of somatic mouse and rat tissues is probed with sp42-antiserum, no tissue presents anti-sp42 immunoreactivity. Immunocytochemistry shows that in boar spermatozoa sp42 is confined to the tail mid-piece, while by immunohistochemistry carried out on sections of adult rat testis the appearance time of the kinase appears to be consistent with a post-meiotic synthesis in haploid spermatids. Altogether, these results demonstrate that boar sp42 is a new male germ cell-specific gene product, with highly conserved tissue expression extended to other mammalian species, and suggest a possible role played by the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase in the cell signalling network specific to haploid male germ cells.

Specific Repertoire of Olfactory Receptor Genes in the Male Germ Cells of Several Mammalian Species

Genomics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Vanderhaeghen ◽  
Stéphane Schurmans ◽  
Gilbert Vassart ◽  
Marc Parmentier
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Genes

scholarly journals NANOS2 suppresses the cell cycle by repressing mTORC1 activators in embryonic male germ cells

iScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 102890
Author(s):  
Ryuki Shimada ◽  
Hiroko Koike ◽  
Takamasa Hirano ◽  
Yuzuru Kato ◽  
Yumiko Saga
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Male Germ Cells

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDIES ON THE DICTYOSOMES AND ACROBLASTS IN THE MALE GERM CELLS OF THE CRICKET

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Beams ◽  
T. N. Tahmisian ◽  
R. L. Devine ◽  
Everett Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Golgi Body ◽  
Duplex Structure ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Secondary Spermatocyte ◽  
A Chain

The dictyosome (Golgi body) in the secondary spermatocyte of the cricket appears in electron micrographs as a duplex structure composed of (a) a group of parallel double-membraned lamellae and (b) a group of associated vacuoles arranged along the compact lamellae in a chain-like fashion. This arrangement of ultramicroscopic structure for the dictyosomes is strikingly comparable to that described for the Golgi apparatus of vertebrates. Accordingly, the two are considered homologous structures. Associated with the duplex structure of the dictyosomes is a differentiated region composed of small vacuoles. This is thought to represent the pro-acrosome region described in light microscope preparations. In the spermatid the dictyosomes fuse, giving rise to the acroblast. Like the dictyosomes, the acroblasts are made up of double-membraned lamellae and associated vacuoles. In addition, a differentiated acrosome region is present which, in some preparations, may display the acrosome vacuole and granule. Both the dictyosomes and acroblasts are distinct from mitochondria.

scholarly journals Male germ cells and photoreceptors, both dependent on close cell–cell interactions, degenerate upon ClC-2 Cl− channel disruption

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Bösl ◽  
Valentin Stein ◽  
Christian Hübner ◽  
Anselm A. Zdebik ◽  
Sven-Eric Jordt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Cl Channel ◽  
Cell Cell
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