Molecular organisation of an A mating type factor of the basidiomycete fungus Coprinus cinereus

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Mutasa ◽  
A. M. Tymon ◽  
B. G�ttgens ◽  
F. M. Mellon ◽  
P. F. R. Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Coprinus Cinereus ◽  
Type Factor ◽  
Molecular Organisation ◽  
Basidiomycete Fungus

scholarly journals Molecular analysis of the Coprinus cinereus mating type A factor demonstrates an unexpectedly complex structure.

Genetics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
G May ◽  
L Le Chevanton ◽  
P J Pukkila
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Coprinus Cinereus ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Basidiomycetous Fungus ◽  
Dominant Phenotype ◽  
Enzyme Mapping ◽  
Type Factor ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Maps

Abstract We report here the molecular cloning of the A43 mating type factor from Coprinus cinereus, a basidiomycetous fungus. Our molecular analyses revealed an unexpected source of variation in the A factor. Though genetic studies have demonstrated that A has two subunits, alpha and beta, we located three nonoverlapping fragments in the A43 region that have A factor function following DNA-mediated transformation. The three fragments demonstrate no similarity to one another as judged by restriction enzyme maps and by hybridization on Southern blots. We conclude that the A43 factor is composed of at least three subunits. When strains carrying different A factors are examined by hybridization to the cloned subunits, extensive polymorphism is seen. Both intensity of hybridization and restriction fragment lengths vary between strains. Some strains fail to show any hybridization to a probe. In contrast, other strains from widely separated geographic locations apparently share very similar subunits. From comparative restriction enzyme mapping of A43 and a mutated A43 factor, we inferred that a 12-kb deletion in the A factor was responsible for the constitutive, dominant phenotype of the mutated A factor. The results of transformation experiments support an activator model for the activity of the A factor in regulating the A pathway.

The A mating-type genes of the mushroom Coprinus cinereus are not differentially transcribed in monokaryons and dikaryons

1993 ◽  
Vol 238-238 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 304-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy V. J. Richardson ◽  
Ursula Kues ◽  
Lorna A. Casselton
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Coprinus Cinereus ◽  
Mating Type Genes

Expression of A mating type genes of Coprinus cinereus in a heterologous basidiomycete host

1993 ◽  
Vol 241-241 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 474-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Challen ◽  
Timothy J. Elliott ◽  
Ursula Kües ◽  
Lorna A. Casselton
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Coprinus Cinereus ◽  
Mating Type Genes

scholarly journals Life History and Developmental Processes in the Basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Kües
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Dna Methyltransferases ◽  
Coprinus Cinereus ◽  
Nutritional Regulation ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Mutant Complementation

SUMMARY Coprinus cinereus has two main types of mycelia, the asexual monokaryon and the sexual dikaryon, formed by fusion of compatible monokaryons. Syngamy (plasmogamy) and karyogamy are spatially and temporally separated, which is typical for basidiomycetous fungi. This property of the dikaryon enables an easy exchange of nuclear partners in further dikaryotic-monokaryotic and dikaryotic-dikaryotic mycelial fusions. Fruiting bodies normally develop on the dikaryon, and the cytological process of fruiting-body development has been described in its principles. Within the specialized basidia, present within the gills of the fruiting bodies, karyogamy occurs in a synchronized manner. It is directly followed by meiosis and by the production of the meiotic basidiospores. The synchrony of karyogamy and meiosis has made the fungus a classical object to study meiotic cytology and recombination. Several genes involved in these processes have been identified. Both monokaryons and dikaryons can form multicellular resting bodies (sclerotia) and different types of mitotic spores, the small uninucleate aerial oidia, and, within submerged mycelium, the large thick-walled chlamydospores. The decision about whether a structure will be formed is made on the basis of environmental signals (light, temperature, humidity, and nutrients). Of the intrinsic factors that control development, the products of the two mating type loci are most important. Mutant complementation and PCR approaches identified further genes which possibly link the two mating-type pathways with each other and with nutritional regulation, for example with the cAMP signaling pathway. Among genes specifically expressed within the fruiting body are those for two galectins, β-galactoside binding lectins that probably act in hyphal aggregation. These genes serve as molecular markers to study development in wild-type and mutant strains. The isolation of genes for potential non-DNA methyltransferases, needed for tissue formation within the fruiting body, promises the discovery of new signaling pathways, possibly involving secondary fungal metabolites.

scholarly journals Correlation of Genetic and Physical Maps at the A Mating-Type Locus of Coprinus cinereus

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1471-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Lukens ◽  
Huang Yicun ◽  
Georgiana May
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Coprinus Cinereus ◽  
Noncoding Dna ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Mating Type Locus ◽  
Physical Maps ◽  
Genetic And Physical Maps

The A mating type locus of Coprinus cinereus is remarkable for its extreme diversity, with over 100 different alleles in natural populations. Classical genetic studies have demonstrated that this hypervariability arises in part from recombination between two subloci of A, alpha and beta, although more recent population genetic data have indicated a third segregating sublocus. In this study, we characterized the molecular basis by which recombination generates nonparental A mating types. We mapped the frequency and location of all recombination events in two crosses and correlated the genetic and physical maps of A. We found that all recombination events were located in 6 kb of noncoding DNA between the alpha and beta subloci and that the rate of recombination in this noncoding region matched that generally observed for this genome. No recombination within gene clusters or within coding regions was observed, and the two alpha and beta subloci described in genetic analyses correlated with the previously characterized alpha and beta gene clusters. We propose that pairs of genes constitute both the sex determining and the hereditary unit of A.

scholarly journals Mating type switching in the tetrapolar basidiomycete Agrocybe aegerita.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Labarère ◽  
T Noël
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Large Series ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Agrocybe Aegerita ◽  
Mating Type Switching ◽  
Type Factor ◽  
First Time

Abstract The study of fruiting in the basidiomycete Agrocybe aegerita has shown that some haploid homokaryotic strains can spontaneously switch their mating specificities at the two unlinked A and B mating type factors. This event causes the dikaryotisation of primary homokaryons without plasmogamy and leads to the differentiation of sporulating fruit-bodies (pseudo-homokaryotic fruiting). For each mating type factor, the genetic analyses have revealed that: (1) parental and switched mating types segregate meiotically as Mendelian markers, (2) a total of six switched mating type factors (two parental and four nonparental) were obtained from a wild strain, (3) most of the nonparental factors have specificities differing from those of a large series of wild factors, (4) strains with the same expressed mating type can generate different specificities, (5) switching is always restricted to the same mating type in a homokaryon, (6) nonparental types can switch again, and (7) meiosis fixes the specificities to which switching can occur. This suggests, for the first time in filamentous fungi, the existence of a mechanism analogous to the mating type switching in yeasts. We hypothese that both A and B mating type regions in A. aegerita are constituted of three loci, one specialized in expression and two other carrying silent information. Mating type switching in homokaryotic strains would occur by copy transposition of silent A and B information into the expression loci. Moreover, we propose that during meiosis the silent loci are substituted by copies of the expressed loci.

A genetic linkage map of Pleurotus pulmonarius based on AFLP markers, and localization of the gene region for the sporeless mutation

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhito Okuda ◽  
Shigeyuki Murakami ◽  
Teruyuki Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Pleurotus Pulmonarius ◽  
Type Factor ◽  
Enormous Number

In the cultivation of edible mushrooms, including Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel., the enormous number of spores produced by fruiting bodies can adversely affect mushroom growers’ health, mushroom cultivation facilities, and the genetic diversity of natural populations. In this study, we constructed a primary genetic linkage map and identified the locus associated with the sporulation-deficient (sporeless) mutation of P. pulmonarius using 150 progeny isolates derived from a cross between sporeless and wild-type isolates. Based on the segregation of 300 AFLP markers, two mating-type factors, and the sporeless trait, a linkage map was generated consisting of 12 linkage groups. The map covered a total genetic distance of 971 cM, with an average marker interval of 5.2 cM. The gene region responsible for the sporeless mutation was located in linkage group II including 40 AFLP markers and the A mating-type factor locus. Of these markers, the nearest marker to the sporeless locus was located 1.4 cM away. Construction of this P. pulmonarius genetic linkage map and identification of markers that are closely linked to the sporeless locus will facilitate marker-assisted selective breeding of a sporeless strain with economically important traits.

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