Postnatal changes in the ultrastructure of the rat olfactory epithelium: the supranuclear region of the supporting cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 265 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andr�s S. Mendoza ◽  
Wolfgang K�hnel
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Supporting Cells

Ultrastructure of Olfactory Epithelia in Mice after Smoke Exposure

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Matulionis
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Supporting Cell ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Genetically Determined

Olfactory epithelium from three groups of C57B1/6J and SWR/J mice exposed once or twice daily to 10% cigarette smoke for six or nine days was examined at the ultrastructural level. Olfactory epithelium of SWR/J experimental mice was not affected by cigarette smoke. However, prominent alterations were noted in this epithelium of C57B1/6J smoke treated mice. These alterations included a reduction in size and (possibly) number of olfactory vesicles which sometimes failed to protrude above the epithelial surface and greatly reduced numbers of olfactory vesicle sensory cilia. In the supporting cell population an abnormal electron-lucent cell type was noted among the usually darker types. Both cell types were frequently found protruding abnormally above the epithelial surface. Microvilli of supporting cells were markedly reduced in number. The present study revealed that the olfactory epithelia in all mice of the same strain are not affected equally by acute smoke exposures. In affected animals the degree of morphological alteration suggests that normal olfaction might have been impaired. Strain differences in reaction to smoke insult indicate that susceptibility is genetically determined.

Olfactory epithelium consisting of supporting cells and horizontal basal cells in the posterior nasal cavity of mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 299 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Suzuki ◽  
Masako Takeda ◽  
Nobuko Obara ◽  
Noriyo Suzuki ◽  
Norihito Takeichi
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Horizontal Basal Cells

scholarly journals Mosaic cellular patterning in the nose: Adhesion molecules give their two scents

2016 ◽  
Vol 212 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard M.J. Beaudoin
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Mosaic Pattern ◽  
Sense Of Smell ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
Cellular Patterning

The sense of smell is mediated by the olfactory epithelium, which is composed of a mosaic pattern of olfactory sensory cells surrounded by supporting cells. In this issue, Katsunuma et al. (2016. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201509020) show that the differential expression of nectins and cadherins establishes this pattern.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Nasal Olfactory Organs of Various Species of Lizardfishes (Teleostei: Aulopiformes: Synodontidae) with Additional Remarks on the Brain

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Fishelson ◽  
D. Golani ◽  
B. Galil ◽  
M. Goren
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Receptor Neurons ◽  
Olfactory Organs ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Brain

The olfactory organs of lizardfishes (Synodontidae) are situated in two capsules connected to the outside by incurrent and excurrent openings. The olfactory epithelium is in form of petal rosettes each composed of lamellae and a rephe, and bear olfactory receptor neurons, supporting cells and cells with kinocillia. The dimension of rosettes and lamellae, as well as the number of lamellae, increase with growth of the fish; until in adult fish these parameters remaine constant, species specific. In adultSynodusspp. andTrachinocephalus myopsthe rosettes are 3.5–4.0 mm long, with 5–8 lamellae, whereas inSauridaspp. they are 8.0 mm and possess up tp 22 lamellae. The number of ORN ranges from 2,600 on the smaller lamellae to 20,000 on the largest ones. The number of ORN/m of olfactory is ca. 30,000 inSauridaspp. Thus the rosettes ofS. macrolepiswith 20 lamellae possess a total of ca. 170,000 ORN, whereas those ofSy. variegatusandT. myopswith the average of six lamellae possess only ca. 50,000–65,000 ORN. The olfactory nerves lead from the rosettes to the olfactory balbs situated on the olfactory lobes. The differences among the species in olfactory organs are discussed in correlation with their distribution.

scholarly journals Synergistic action of nectins and cadherins generates the mosaic cellular pattern of the olfactory epithelium

2016 ◽  
Vol 212 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayaka Katsunuma ◽  
Hisao Honda ◽  
Tomoyasu Shinoda ◽  
Yukitaka Ishimoto ◽  
Takaki Miyata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Mosaic Pattern ◽  
Cell Systems ◽  
Single Mechanism ◽  
Cellular Pattern ◽  
Model Cell ◽  
Olfactory Cells ◽  
Combinatorial Expression

In the olfactory epithelium (OE), olfactory cells (OCs) and supporting cells (SCs), which express different cadherins, are arranged in a characteristic mosaic pattern in which OCs are enclosed by SCs. However, the mechanism underlying this cellular patterning is unclear. Here, we show that the cellular pattern of the OE is established by cellular rearrangements during development. In the OE, OCs express nectin-2 and N-cadherin, and SCs express nectin-2, nectin-3, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin. Heterophilic trans-interaction between nectin-2 on OCs and nectin-3 on SCs preferentially recruits cadherin via α-catenin to heterotypic junctions, and the differential distributions of cadherins between junctions promote cellular intercalations, resulting in the formation of the mosaic pattern. These observations are confirmed by model cell systems, and various cellular patterns are generated by the combinatorial expression of nectins and cadherins. Collectively, the synergistic action of nectins and cadherins generates mosaic pattern, which cannot be achieved by a single mechanism.

scholarly journals Adaptive changes in supporting cells of olfactory epithelium in fishes during their spawning period

2020 ◽  
pp. 795-796
Author(s):  
I. Klimenkov ◽  
◽  
N. Sudakov ◽  
M. Pastukhov ◽  
N. Kositsyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Adaptive Changes

scholarly journals Cholinergic microvillous cells in the mouse main olfactory epithelium and effect of acetylcholine on olfactory sensory neurons and supporting cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 1274-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Ogura ◽  
Steven A. Szebenyi ◽  
Kurt Krosnowski ◽  
Aaron Sathyanesan ◽  
Jacqueline Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium

The mammalian olfactory epithelium is made up of ciliated olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), supporting cells, basal cells, and microvillous cells. Previously, we reported that a population of nonneuronal microvillous cells expresses transient receptor potential channel M5 (TRPM5). Using transgenic mice and immunocytochemical labeling, we identify that these cells are cholinergic, expressing the signature markers of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter. This result suggests that acetylcholine (ACh) can be synthesized and released locally to modulate activities of neighboring supporting cells and OSNs. In Ca2+ imaging experiments, ACh induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ levels in 78% of isolated supporting cells tested in a concentration-dependent manner. Atropine, a muscarinic ACh receptor (mAChR) antagonist suppressed the ACh responses. In contrast, ACh did not induce or potentiate Ca2+ increases in OSNs. Instead ACh suppressed the Ca2+ increases induced by the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin in some OSNs. Supporting these results, we found differential expression of mAChR subtypes in supporting cells and OSNs using subtype-specific antibodies against M1 through M5 mAChRs. Furthermore, we found that various chemicals, bacterial lysate, and cold saline induced Ca2+ increases in TRPM5/ChAT-expressing microvillous cells. Taken together, our data suggest that TRPM5/ChAT-expressing microvillous cells react to certain chemical or thermal stimuli and release ACh to modulate activities of neighboring supporting cells and OSNs via mAChRs. Our studies reveal an intrinsic and potentially potent mechanism linking external stimulation to cholinergic modulation of activities in the olfactory epithelium.

scholarly journals The Morphological Change of Supporting Cells in the Olfactory Epithelium after Bulbectomy

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Makino ◽  
S. Ookawara ◽  
K. Katoh ◽  
Y. Ohta ◽  
M. Ichikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Change ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Supporting Cells

scholarly journals TMEM16A calcium-activated chloride currents in supporting cells of the mouse olfactory epithelium

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (7) ◽  
pp. 954-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Henriques ◽  
Emilio Agostinelli ◽  
Andres Hernandez-Clavijo ◽  
Devendra Kumar Maurya ◽  
Jason R. Rock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Purinergic Receptors ◽  
Ion Selectivity ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Sustentacular Cells

Glial-like supporting (or sustentacular) cells are important constituents of the olfactory epithelium that are involved in several physiological processes such as production of endocannabinoids, insulin, and ATP and regulation of the ionic composition of the mucus layer that covers the apical surface of the olfactory epithelium. Supporting cells express metabotropic P2Y purinergic receptors that generate ATP-induced Ca2+ signaling through the activation of a PLC-mediated cascade. Recently, we reported that a subpopulation of supporting cells expresses also the Ca2+-activated Cl− channel TMEM16A. Here, we sought to extend our understanding of a possible physiological role of this channel in the olfactory system by asking whether Ca2+ can activate Cl− currents mediated by TMEM16A. We use whole-cell patch-clamp analysis in slices of the olfactory epithelium to measure dose–response relations in the presence of various intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, ion selectivity, and blockage. We find that knockout of TMEM16A abolishes Ca2+-activated Cl− currents, demonstrating that TMEM16A is essential for these currents in supporting cells. Also, by using extracellular ATP as physiological stimuli, we found that the stimulation of purinergic receptors activates a large TMEM16A-dependent Cl− current, indicating a possible role of TMEM16A in ATP-mediated signaling. Altogether, our results establish that TMEM16A-mediated currents are functional in olfactory supporting cells and provide a foundation for future work investigating the precise physiological role of TMEM16A in the olfactory system.

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