Olfactory epithelium consisting of supporting cells and horizontal basal cells in the posterior nasal cavity of mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 299 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Suzuki ◽  
Masako Takeda ◽  
Nobuko Obara ◽  
Noriyo Suzuki ◽  
Norihito Takeichi
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Horizontal Basal Cells

scholarly journals Horizontal Basal Cells Are Multipotent Progenitors in Normal and Injured Adult Olfactory Epithelium

Stem Cells ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1298-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Iwai ◽  
Zhijian Zhou ◽  
Dennis R. Roop ◽  
Richard R. Behringer
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Multipotent Progenitors ◽  
Horizontal Basal Cells

scholarly journals Acute inflammation regulates neuroregeneration through the NF-κB pathway in olfactory epithelium

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (30) ◽  
pp. 8089-8094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengfei Chen ◽  
Randall R. Reed ◽  
Andrew P. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Horizontal Basal Cells

Adult neural stem cells/progenitor cells residing in the basal layer of the olfactory epithelium are capable of reconstituting the neuroepithelium even after severe damage. The molecular events underlying this regenerative capacity remain elusive. Here we show that the repair of neuroepithelium after lesioning is accompanied by an acute, but self-limited, inflammatory process. Attenuation of inflammatory cell recruitment and cytokine production by dexamethasone impairs proliferation of progenitor horizontal basal cells (HBCs) and subsequent neuronal differentiation. Using TNF-α receptor-deficient mice, we identify TNF-α signaling as an important contributor to this inflammatory and reparative process, mainly through TNF-α receptor 1. HBC-selective genetic ablation of RelA (p65), the transcriptional activator of the NF-κB pathway, retards inflammation and impedes proliferation at the early stages of regeneration and suggests HBCs directly participate in cross-talk between immune response and neurogenesis. Loss of RelA in the regenerating neuroepithelium perturbs the homeostasis between proliferation and apoptosis while enhancing JNK signaling. Together, our results support a model in which acute inflammation after injury initiates important regenerative signals in part through NF-κB–mediated signaling that activates neural stem cells to reconstitute the olfactory epithelium.

scholarly journals Primary Cilia on Horizontal Basal Cells Regulate Regeneration of the Olfactory Epithelium

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (40) ◽  
pp. 13761-13772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariell M. Joiner ◽  
Warren W. Green ◽  
Jeremy C. McIntyre ◽  
Benjamin L. Allen ◽  
James E. Schwob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Primary Cilia ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Horizontal Basal Cells

scholarly journals Transcription factor p63 controls the reserve status but not the stemness of horizontal basal cells in the olfactory epithelium

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (36) ◽  
pp. E5068-E5077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Schnittke ◽  
Daniel B. Herrick ◽  
Brian Lin ◽  
Jesse Peterson ◽  
Julie H. Coleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Horizontal Basal Cells

Adult tissue stem cells can serve two broad functions: to participate actively in the maintenance and regeneration of a tissue or to wait in reserve and participate only when activated from a dormant state. The adult olfactory epithelium, a site for ongoing, life-long, robust neurogenesis, contains both of these functional stem cell types. Globose basal cells (GBCs) act as the active stem cell population and can give rise to all the differentiated cells found in the normal tissue. Horizontal basal cells (HBCs) act as reserve stem cells and remain dormant unless activated by tissue injury. Here we show that HBC activation following injury by the olfactotoxic gas methyl bromide is coincident with the down-regulation of protein 63 (p63) but anticipates HBC proliferation. Gain- and loss-of-function studies show that this down-regulation of p63 is necessary and sufficient for HBC activation. Moreover, activated HBCs give rise to GBCs that persist for months and continue to act as bona fide stem cells by participating in tissue maintenance and regeneration over the long term. Our analysis provides mechanistic insight into the dynamics between tissue stem cell subtypes and demonstrates that p63 regulates the reserve state but not the stem cell status of HBCs.

scholarly journals Cholinergic microvillous cells in the mouse main olfactory epithelium and effect of acetylcholine on olfactory sensory neurons and supporting cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 1274-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Ogura ◽  
Steven A. Szebenyi ◽  
Kurt Krosnowski ◽  
Aaron Sathyanesan ◽  
Jacqueline Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium

The mammalian olfactory epithelium is made up of ciliated olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), supporting cells, basal cells, and microvillous cells. Previously, we reported that a population of nonneuronal microvillous cells expresses transient receptor potential channel M5 (TRPM5). Using transgenic mice and immunocytochemical labeling, we identify that these cells are cholinergic, expressing the signature markers of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter. This result suggests that acetylcholine (ACh) can be synthesized and released locally to modulate activities of neighboring supporting cells and OSNs. In Ca2+ imaging experiments, ACh induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ levels in 78% of isolated supporting cells tested in a concentration-dependent manner. Atropine, a muscarinic ACh receptor (mAChR) antagonist suppressed the ACh responses. In contrast, ACh did not induce or potentiate Ca2+ increases in OSNs. Instead ACh suppressed the Ca2+ increases induced by the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin in some OSNs. Supporting these results, we found differential expression of mAChR subtypes in supporting cells and OSNs using subtype-specific antibodies against M1 through M5 mAChRs. Furthermore, we found that various chemicals, bacterial lysate, and cold saline induced Ca2+ increases in TRPM5/ChAT-expressing microvillous cells. Taken together, our data suggest that TRPM5/ChAT-expressing microvillous cells react to certain chemical or thermal stimuli and release ACh to modulate activities of neighboring supporting cells and OSNs via mAChRs. Our studies reveal an intrinsic and potentially potent mechanism linking external stimulation to cholinergic modulation of activities in the olfactory epithelium.

scholarly journals Histological, Topographical and Ultrastructural Organization of Different Cells Lining the Olfactory Epithelium of Red Piranha, Pygocentrus nattereri (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Ghosh ◽  
P. Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Pygocentrus Nattereri

Abstract The structural characterization of the olfactory epithelium in Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858 was studied with the help of light as well as scanning and transmission electron microscope. The oval shaped olfactory rosette consisted of 26–28 primary lamellae radiated from midline raphe. The olfactory epithelium of each lamella was well distributed by sensory and non-sensory epithelium. The sensory epithelium contained morphologically distinct ciliated and microvillous receptor cells, supporting cells and basal cells. The non-sensory epithelium was made up of labyrinth cells, mucous cells and stratified epithelial cells. According to TEM investigation elongated rod emerging out from dendrite end of the receptor cells in the free space. The dendrite process of microvillous receptor cells contained microvilli. The supporting cells had lobular nucleus with clearly seen electron dense nucleolus. The apex of the ciliated non-sensory cells was broad and provided with plenty of kinocilia. Basal cells provided with oval nucleus and contained small number of secretory granules. The mucous cells were restricted to the non-sensory areas and the nuclei situated basally and filled with about two-third of the vesicles. The functional significance of various cells lining the olfactory epithelium was discussed with mode of life and living of fish concerned.

Neural crest-derived horizontal basal cells as tissue stem cells in the adult olfactory epithelium

2013 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Suzuki ◽  
Kaichi Yoshizaki ◽  
Toshimitsu Kobayashi ◽  
Noriko Osumi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Horizontal Basal Cells

Immunocytochemical localization of S-100 beta beta protein in olfactory and supporting cells of lamb olfactory epithelium.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1825-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
M G Rambotti ◽  
C Saccardi ◽  
A Spreca ◽  
M C Aisa ◽  
I Giambanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
S 100

By immunocytochemistry, we have identified two novel cell types, olfactory and supporting cells of lamb olfactory epithelium, expressing S-100 beta beta protein. S-100 immune reaction product was observed on ciliary and plasma membranes, on axonemes and in the cytoplasm adjacent to plasma membranes and to basal bodies of olfactory vesicles. A brief treatment of olfactory mucosae with Triton X-100 before fixation is necessary for detection of S-100 beta beta protein within olfactory vesicles. In the absence of such a treatment, the immune reaction product is restricted to ciliary and plasma membranes. On the other hand, irrespective of pre-treatment of olfactory mucosae, S-100 beta immune reaction product in supporting cells is restricted to microvillar and plasma membranes. The anti-S-100 beta antiserum used in these studies does not bind to basal cells of the olfactory epithelium or to cells of the olfactory glands, whereas it binds to Schwann cells of the olfactory nerve. An anti-S-100 alpha antiserum does not bind to cellular elements of the olfactory mucosa, Schwann cells, or axons of the olfactory nerve. The present data provide, for the first time, evidence for the presence of S-100 beta beta protein in mammalian neurons (olfactory cells).

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