The ?accessory body? of Cajal in the neuronal nucleus

1983 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lafarga ◽  
J. P. Herv�s ◽  
M. C. Santa-Cruz ◽  
J. Villegas ◽  
D. Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Nucleus ◽  
Accessory Body

scholarly journals Dynein and Muskelin Control Myosin VI Delivery towards the Neuronal Nucleus

iScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 102416
Author(s):  
Matthias Kneussel ◽  
Noelia Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
Michaela Mischak ◽  
Frank F. Heisler
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Vi ◽  
Neuronal Nucleus

scholarly journals Radix Scutellariae Ameliorates Stress-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors via Protecting Neurons through the TGFβ3-Smad2/3-Nedd9 Signaling Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Fan Zhao ◽  
Chenyiyu Zhang ◽  
Dong Xiao ◽  
Weihua Zhang ◽  
Liping Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Neuronal Nucleus ◽  
Nissl Staining ◽  
Radix Scutellariae

Chronic stress can impair hippocampal neurogenesis, increase neuronal apoptosis, and cause depressive-like behaviors. Our previous studies found that Radix Scutellariae (RS) can rescue the stress-induced neuronal injury, but the mechanism is not clear. Here, we continued to investigate the underlying antidepressant mechanisms of the RS extract. A 7-week chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure was used to establish a murine depression model. 0.75 g/kg or 1.5 g/kg RS was administered daily to the mice during the last 4 weeks. Depressive-like behaviors were evaluated by the sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT), and tail suspension test (TST). The neuroprotective effect of RS was evaluated with the expression of hippocampal neuron-related markers and apoptosis-associated proteins by Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, and western blot. Transforming growth factor-β3 (TGFβ3) pathway-related proteins were detected by western blot. Results showed that RS could ameliorate depressive-like behaviors, increase the expression of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), reduce the expression of the proapoptotic protein BCL-2-associated X (BAX), and increase the number of doublecortin- (DCX-), microtubule-associated protein 2- (MAP2-), and neuronal nucleus- (NeuN-) positive cells in the hippocampus. Moreover, RS could reverse the CUMS-induced decrease of TGFβ3 protein, promote the phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, and increase the expression of downstream NEDD9 protein. These results suggest that RS could exert antidepressant effects via protecting neurons. And the molecular mechanism might be related to the regulation of the TGFβ3-SMAD2/3-NEDD9 pathway.

The acylation of 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate by neuronal nuclei and microsomal fractions of immature rabbit cerebral cortex

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Roy Baker ◽  
H.-Y. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Phosphatidic Acid ◽  
Lysophosphatidic Acid ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Nuclear Fraction ◽  
Neuronal Nucleus ◽  
Neuronal Nuclei ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Rabbit Cerebral Cortex

The acylation of 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate to form phosphatidic acid was studied using a neuronal nuclear fraction N1 and microsomal fractions P3, R (rough), S (smooth), and P (neuronal microsomes from nerve cell bodies) isolated from cerebral cortices of 15-day-old rabbits. The assays contained this lysophospholipid, ATP, CoA, MgCl2, NaF, dithiothreitol, and radioactive palmitate, oleate, or arachidonate. Of the subfractions, N1 and R had the highest specific activities (expressed per micromole phospholipid in the fraction). The rates with oleate were two to four times the values seen for phosphatidic acid formation from sn-[3H]glycero-3-phosphate and oleoyl-CoA. Using oleate or palmitate, fraction R had superior specific rates to N1 at low lysophosphatidic acid concentrations. With increasing lysophospholipid concentrations the specific rates of N1 and R came closer together and maintained at least a twofold superiority over fraction P. Fraction S had the lowest specific rates of phosphatidic acid formation. Fractions N1, R, and P showed a preference for palmitate and oleate over arachidonate, particularly at low concentrations of lysophosphatidic acid. For N1 and R, the preference was also more marked at higher concentrations of fatty acid. Thus a selectivity for saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids was shown in the formation of phosphatidic acid, as was a concentration of acylating activity in the neuronal nucleus and the rough endoplasmic reticulum.Key words: 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, acylation, neuronal nuclei, microsomes, cerebral cortex.

XIX.—A Comparative Study of the Cytoplasmic Components of the Male Germ-Cells of Certain Mammals

1946 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. R. Gresson ◽  
I. Zlotnik
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Golden Hamster ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Nuclear Ring ◽  
Accessory Body

The work recorded in this paper was undertaken in order to obtain further knowledge regarding the behaviour of the cytoplasmic components of the male germ-cells of mammals and the contribution made by these bodies to the structure of the ripe sperm. Consequently, mammals from different groups were examined.Investigations were carried out independently by Zlotnik on the male germ-cells of the dog, the cat, and the rabbit, by Gresson on the boar and the ram, and jointly by Gresson and Zlotnik on the white rat and the golden hamster. Zlotnik (1943) originally identified and described the nuclear-ring of the spermatid and sperm of the dog. The accessory body was recognised simultaneously by him and by Gresson, but Zlotnik was the first to observe an accessory body within the localised Golgi material of the spermatocyte and to follow its extrusion to the cytoplasm, and, later, Gresson identified an accessory body within the Golgi material of the spermatid of the boar. In general the conclusions of the two authors are closely similar, such differences of detail or of interpretation as exist are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals The Cell Birth Marker BrdU Does Not Affect Recruitment of Subsequent Cell Divisions in the Adult Avian Brain

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anat Cattan ◽  
Amir Ayali ◽  
Anat Barnea
Keyword(s):  
Taeniopygia Guttata ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Avian Brain ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Neuronal Nucleus ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Neuronal Recruitment ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Silver Grains

BrdU is commonly used to quantify neurogenesis but also causes mutation and has mitogenic, transcriptional, and translational effects. In mammalian studies, attention had been given to its dosage, but in birds such examination was not conducted. Our previous study suggested that BrdU might affect subsequent cell divisions and neuronal recruitment in the brain. Furthermore, this effect seemed to increase with time from treatment. Accordingly, we examined whether BrdU might alter neurogenesis in the adult avian brain. We compared recruitment of [3H]-thymidine+neurons in brains of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) when no BrdU was involved and when BrdU was given 1 or 3 months prior to [3H]-thymidine. In nidopallium caudale, HVC, and hippocampus, no differences were found between groups in densities and percentages of [3H]-thymidine+neurons. The number of silver grains per [3H]-thymidine+neuronal nucleus and their distribution were similar across groups. Additionally, time did not affect the results. The results indicate that the commonly used dosage of BrdU in birds has no long-term effects on subsequent cell divisions and neuronal recruitment. This conclusion is also important in neuronal replacement experiments, where BrdU and another cell birth marker are given, with relatively long intervals between them.

scholarly journals Increased Cell Fusion in Cerebral Cortex May Contribute to Poststroke Regeneration

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Paltsyn ◽  
Svetlana Komissarova ◽  
Ivan Dubrovin ◽  
Aslan Kubatiev
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Neuronal Nucleus ◽  
Neuronal Markers ◽  
Neuronal Nuclei ◽  
Binuclear Cells ◽  
Rate Of Recovery

In this study, we used a model of a hemorrhagic stroke in a motor zone of the cortex in rats at the age of 3 months The report shows that cortical neurons can fuse with oligodendrocytes. In formed binuclear cells, the nucleus of an oligodendrocyte undergoes neuron specific reprogramming. It can be confirmed by changes in chromatin structure and in size of the second nucleus, by expression of specific neuronal markers and increasing total transcription rate. The nucleus of an oligodendrocyte likely transforms into a second neuronal nucleus. The number of binuclear neurons was validated with quantitative analysis. Fusion of neurons with oligodendrocytes might be a regenerative process in general and specifically following a stroke. The appearance of additional neuronal nuclei increases the functional outcome of the population of neurons. Participation of a certain number of binuclear cells in neuronal function might compensate for a functional deficit that arises from the death of a subset of neurons. After a stroke, the number of binuclear neurons increased in cortex around the lesion zone. In this case, the rate of recovery of stroke-damaged locomotor behavior also increased, which indicates the regenerative role of fusion.

scholarly journals Morphometric analysis of supraoptic neurons of the rat hypothalamic nuclei under conditions of prolonged illumination

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
R. Bulyk ◽  
O. Smetaniuk ◽  
T. Bulyk ◽  
M. Kryvchanska
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
Neuronal Nucleus ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Supraoptic Neurons ◽  
Nucleus Volume ◽  
Supraoptic Nuclei ◽  
Observation Period

The article reviews the results of studies of the morphofunctional state of neurons of the supraoptic nuclei of the rat hypothalamus under conditions of different duration of light regime. Under standard light regime in rats, a diurnal rhythm of morphofunctional activity of supraoptic nucleus neurons with maximum activity during daytime (before 2 p.m.) is recorded. In animals subjected to prolonged light exposure, more pronounced changes in the morphofunctional state of the supraoptic neurons of the hypothalamus at 2 a.m. than at 2 p.m. were established. Thus, the neuronal nucleus area was 94.08 ± 9.55 μm2 and was significantly greater than that in intact animals. The nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio of supraoptic hypothalamic neuron at 2 a.m. was lower than that in intact animals due to a decrease in specific nucleus volume. In comparison with the day period (2 p.m.), before 2 a.m. there was revealed a decrease of the neuron body area of supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus due to possible decrease of the area of nucleus and nucleolus of cells. This was the reason for the increase in the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio in the neurons under observation at night, which was 2.51 ± 0.023 units. Constant light regime did not cause inversion of the rhythm of morphofunctional activity of the neurons under study, the maximum values, as in intact animals, occurred in the daytime observation period.

Memoirs: The Cytoplasmic Inclusions in the Spermatogenesis of Man

1935 ◽  
Vol s2-78 (309) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
J. BRONTË GATENBY ◽  
H. W. BEAMS
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Middle Piece ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
Acrosome Formation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Accessory Body

The points which we have brought out in this paper are: 1. The development of the acrosome from the Golgi apparatus, which has been figured for the first time during growth, and the stages of acrosome formation in the human. 2. The almost complete break-up of the Golgi apparatus at dictyokinesis, and the late reassembly of the fragments apparently independently of the spermatid centrioles. 3. The very probable presence of a neck granule apparatus as distinct from the head or proximal centriole (c1). 4. The claim that the head centriole does not divide. The emergence of the flagellum from the proximal and distal centrioles jointly. 5. The development of the post-nuclear cap in human spermatids. 6. The apparent absence of any form of spiral body in the middle-piece. 7. The different types of Golgi apparatus in the Sertoli and spermatogenic cells. 8. The presence of a vacuole in the head of the spermatozoon. 9. The remarkable ‘nutrient syncytium’ connected with the Sertoli cells. 10. The accessory body in the cytoplasm.

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