Intraseasonal effects of clutch manipulation on parental provisioning and residual reproductive value of eastern phoebes (Sayornis phoebe)

Oecologia ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Conrad ◽  
R. J. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Value ◽  
Residual Reproductive Value ◽  
Sayornis Phoebe ◽  
Parental Provisioning

scholarly journals Effects of manipulated levels of predation threat on parental provisioning and nestling begging

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1123-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Mutzel ◽  
Anne-Lise Olsen ◽  
Kimberley J Mathot ◽  
Yimen G Araya-Ajoy ◽  
Marion Nicolaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History Theory ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Reproductive Value ◽  
Predation Threat ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Provisioning Behavior ◽  
Parental Provisioning ◽  
Nestling Begging ◽  
Predator Model ◽  
Future Work

AbstractParental provisioning behavior is a major determinant of offspring growth and survival, but high provisioning rates might come at the cost of increased predation threat. Parents should thus adjust provisioning activity according to current predation threat levels. Moreover, life-history theory predicts that response to predation threat should be correlated with investment in current reproduction. We experimentally manipulated perceived predation threat in free-living great tits (Parus major) by presenting parents with a nest predator model while monitoring different aspects of provisioning behavior and nestling begging. Experiments were conducted in 2 years differing greatly in ecological conditions, including food availability. We further quantified male territorial aggressiveness and male and female exploratory tendency. Parents adjusted provisioning according to current levels of threat in an apparently adaptive way. They delayed nest visits during periods of elevated perceived predation threat and subsequently compensated for lost feeding opportunities by increasing provisioning once the immediate threat had diminished. Nestling begging increased after elevated levels of predation threat, but returned to baseline levels by the end of the experiment, suggesting that parents had fully compensated for lost feeding opportunities. There was no evidence for a link between male exploration behavior or aggressiveness and provisioning behavior. In contrast, fast-exploring females provisioned at higher rates, but only in the year with poor environmental conditions, which might indicate a greater willingness to invest in current reproduction in general. Future work should assess whether these personality-related differences in delivery rates under harsher conditions came at a cost of reduced residual reproductive value.

scholarly journals Flirting with danger: predation risk interacts with male condition to influence sexual display

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1265-1272
Author(s):  
Pedro Z de Moraes ◽  
Pedro Diniz ◽  
Esteban Fernandez-Juricic ◽  
Regina H Macedo
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Reproductive Value ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Residual Reproductive Value ◽  
Display Behavior ◽  
Sexual Display ◽  
Male Condition ◽  
Risk Of Predation

AbstractSexual signaling coevolves with the sensory systems of intended receivers; however, predators may be unintended receivers of sexual signals. Conspicuous aerial displays in some species may place males at high risk of predation from eavesdropping predators. There are three different hypotheses to explain how signaling males can deal with increased predation risk: (1) males invest in survival by decreasing signal conspicuousness; (2) males invest in reproduction by increasing signal conspicuousness; and (3) male response is condition-dependent according to his residual reproductive value. Here, we used blue-black grassquits (Volatinia jacarina) to test these hypotheses, asking whether males modify leap displays under different levels of predation risk. Grassquit males develop an iridescent nuptial plumage and spend considerable time emitting a multimodal signal: while leaping from a perch, males clap their wings above their heads and emit a high-pitched short song. We exposed males to predator and nonpredator playbacks while video recording their displays. We found interactions between predation risk and 2 male condition variables (ectoparasite infestation and proportion of nuptial plumage coverage) that influenced display behavior. Less parasitized males and those with higher proportion of nuptial plumage showed no change in display behavior, while more parasitized males and those with lower proportion of nuptial plumage increased the vigor of displays under predation risk. In other words, males with low residual reproductive value increased reproductive effort when there was a high risk of extrinsic death. Our study provides some empirical support for the terminal investment hypothesis.

scholarly journals Nine-year demography of the black-eared opossum Didelphis aurita (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) using life tables

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Kajin ◽  
Rui Cerqueira ◽  
Marcus V. Vieira ◽  
Rosana Gentile
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Reproductive Value ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Residual Reproductive Value ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Didelphis Aurita

A population of the black-eared opossum, Didelphis aurita Wied-Neuwied 1826, was studied during 1997-2006 by capture-mark-recapture in the Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Cohorts were established with females marked still in the pouch, classified into five age classes. Population parameters were estimated using life tables. Survival was type III and mortality was greatest in age classes I and II, just after weaning. Fecundity was inversely correlated with survival, reproductive value was inversely correlated with mortality and residual reproductive value was inversely correlated with fecundity. The intrinsic rate of increase was always close to zero and tended to be slightly negative. The black-eared opossum can be considered a good model species for this type of study.

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