Fixation of proteins by osmium tetroxide potassium dichromate and potassium permanganate

Histochemie ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hopwood
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Potassium Dichromate

scholarly journals The fine structure produced in cells by primary fixatives 2. Potassium dichromate

1965 ◽  
Vol s3-106 (73) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
JOHN R. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Nuclear Membrane ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Potassium Dichromate Solution ◽  
Zymogen Granules ◽  
Mouse Pancreas

The exocrine cells of the mouse pancreas were fixed in potassium dichromate solution, embedded in araldite or other suitable medium, and examined by electron microscopy. Almost every part of these cells is seriously distorted or destroyed by this fixative. The ergastoplasm is generally unrecognizable, the mitochondria and zymogen granules are seldom visible, and no sign of the plasma membrane, microvilli, or Golgi apparatus is seen. The contents of the nucleus are profoundly rearranged. It is seen to contain a large, dark, irregularly shaped, finely granular object; the evidence suggests that this consists of coagulated histone. The sole constituent of the cell that is well fixed is the inner nuclear membrane. The destructive properties of potassium dichromate are much mitigated when it is mixed in suitable proportions with osmium tetroxide or formaldehyde.

scholarly journals Potassium permanganate is an excellent alternative to osmium tetroxide in freeze-substitution

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schauflinger ◽  
Tim Bergner ◽  
Gregor Neusser ◽  
Christine Kranz ◽  
Clarissa Read
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Block Face ◽  
Critical Aspects

AbstractHigh-pressure freezing followed by freeze-substitution is a valuable method for ultrastructural analyses of resin-embedded biological samples. The visualization of lipid membranes is one of the most critical aspects of any ultrastructural study and can be especially challenging in high-pressure frozen specimens. Historically, osmium tetroxide has been the preferred fixative and staining agent for lipid-containing structures in freeze-substitution solutions. However, osmium tetroxide is not only a rare and expensive material, but also volatile and toxic. Here, we introduce the use of a combination of potassium permanganate, uranyl acetate, and water in acetone as complementing reagents during the freeze-substitution process. This mix imparts an intense en bloc stain to cellular ultrastructure and membranes, which makes poststaining superfluous and is well suited for block-face imaging. Thus, potassium permanganate can effectively replace osmium tetroxide in the freeze-substitution solution without sacrificing the quality of ultrastructural preservation.

Potassium Permanganate and Potassium Dichrornate Standard Solutions

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-702
Author(s):  
Radmilo Ristich
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Official Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Standard Solutions

Abstract A review of Official Methods of Analysis revealed no revision necessary for the preparation and standardization of potassium dichromate solutions. Recommendations are made for the standardization of potassium permanganate solutions for three methods of analysis.

Effect of Chlorine Concentration on Determining COD by Acid and Alkaline Potassium Permanganate

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Di E ◽  
Tao Ding ◽  
Sheng Chao Zhan ◽  
Fu Wei Yao ◽  
Hong Ke Wan
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Chlorine Concentration ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Tidal Period ◽  
Freshwater Sample ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
The Difference

In water monitoring, effect of chloride ion in water body on determining COD can not be ignored. Potassium dichromate has a strong oxidizing, and it can oxidize most of the organic in matter. But it generally is used to determine the water body which COD is larger than 30mg/L, and easily influenced by Chloride ion. So we often use alkaline potassium permanganate method which has weak impact by Chloride ion in high chlorine concentration wastewater. For the tidal estuary, we often use acidic potassium permanganate method in upstream and alkaline potassium permanganate method in downstream. The different detection methods cause the disagreement of water quality evaluation. This paper describes the influence of chlorine level on the COD standard solution prepared by laboratory and river freshwater sample from Qiantang River upstream in detail, and analyses the difference between the acid potassium permanganate method and alkaline potassium permanganate by comparing the COD standard solution prepared by laboratory and the freshwater sample. Last, this paper discusses the variation of COD during a tidal period.

Delaying ripening in harvested Nigerian green plantains

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. C. Ndubizu
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Potassium Iodate ◽  
Calcium Hypochlorite ◽  
Fungal Damage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polyethylene Bags

SummaryMature green plantains (Bini variety) dipped in fungicide and stored with Purafil in polyethylene bags, remained green and hard for 3–4 weeks before ripening started. Fruits stored with Purafil or potassium permanganate kept longer (by 2 weeks) than those stored with potassium iodate or potassium dichromate. Severe chemical and fungal damage occurred in fruits stored with calcium hypochlorite, indicating that plantain fruits may be sensitive to chlorine. No significant difference in storage life was observed between fruits stored in polyethylene bags alone and those stored in potassium iodate or potassium dichromate. There was much lower incidence of fungal infection in fruits dipped in thiabendazole (1 g/l) than those dipped in Diathane M45 (3 g/1). Fruits dipped in thiabendazole before storage remained virtually free of fungal attack even after they had completely ripened.

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