Directional selection in lines founded from different parts of the phenotypic distribution of sternopleural chaetae number in Drosophila melanogaster

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. F. Skibinski ◽  
N. A. K. Shereif
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Directional Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Distribution ◽  
Different Parts

scholarly journals Regular responses to selection 3. Interaction between located polygenes

1966 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Spickett ◽  
J. M. Thoday
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Linkage Group ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Directional Selection ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Number Lines ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Chromosome Ii

1. This paper describes further investigations of the high sternopleural chaeta-number lines of Drosophila melanogaster established by directional selection by Thoday & Boam (Genet. Res. 2, 161). The lines are vg 4 with a mean of 35·6 and vg 6 with a mean of 39·2 chaetae per fly.2. Two locatable polygenes, 3a and 3b, distinguish the line third chromosomes from those of Oregon inbred (mean about 20·5, an ancestor of all the lines). These two genes are both located between the markers h and eyg and do not interact.3. There is one locatable polygene at 41·1 ± 1·7 centiMorgans distinguishing the line second chromosomes from those of Oregon. There is no evidence that this gene is a linked complex, and, if it be a linked complex, it is unlikely to occupy more than 2 map units of the second linkage group. It interacts strongly and positively with the gene 3a.4. These three genes account for 80% of the genetic variance of the vg 4 × Oregon F2.5. Two separate regions at 2·4 ± 0·5 and 50·5 ± 0·9 centiMorgans distinguish the vg 6 × chromosome from that of Oregon. They do not appear to interact. Together they interact strongly and positively with gene 3a.6. These five genes account for 87·5% of the chaeta-number difference between vg 6 and Oregon.7. The locatable polygenes on chromosomes II and III each have qualitatively distinguishable developmental effects.8. It is pointed out that, though the genetics of these lines may be unusually simple, the results indicate that attempts to locate specific genes and study their individual effects should be made more often by students of continuous variation. Since the location of the polygene in chromosome II was done using marker genes 45 map units apart, such studies may be practicable even in species whose linkage groups are much less well marked than those of Drosophila melanogaster.

scholarly journals Drosophila BEACH domain autophagic adaptor blue cheese shuttles between vesicle populations and is required for an early step in autophagy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Sim ◽  
Kathleen A. Osborne ◽  
Irene Argudo Garcia ◽  
Artur S. Matysik ◽  
Rachel Kraut
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Neuronal Death ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Genetic Evidence ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Human Homologue ◽  
Early Step ◽  
Blue Cheese ◽  
Family Protein ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractDrosophila melanogaster blue cheese (bchs) encodes a large BEACH (Beige and Chediak-Higashi) family protein that is postulated to function as an adaptor protein with roles in vesicle trafficking. Mutation in bchs leads to the accumulation of ubiquitinated aggregates in aged brains, presumably because of a conserved function with its human homologue Autophagy-Linked FYVE (ALFY), which interacts with Atg5 and p62 to promote the clearance of aggregate-prone proteins. In this study, we present pharmacological and genetic evidence using a well-defined larval motorneuron paradigm that in Drosophila bchs mutants, autophagic deficit contributes to neurodegeneration. Specifically, we show that motorneuron death in larvae is accompanied by the accumulation of prominent ubiquitinated aggregates in synaptic termini, and that these are sensitive to autophagy modulating drugs. In primary bchs neurons, early autophagic compartments increase in number and intensity based on Atg5 expression, but fail to progress to Atg8-labelled compartments, indicating non-clearance. A rescuing transgene encoding the longest Bchs BEACH domain isoform not only reverses this defect, but also greatly increases Atg8 compartment number and rescues neuronal death. Although only a small fraction of Bchs colocalizes with these markers under wild-type conditions, the population of Bchs that does associate with autophagosomes shuttles between different locations depending on how autophagy is induced. These observations, together with epistatic relationships between bchs mutant alleles and autophagy-modulating drugs and genetic backgrounds, points to a model whereby BEACH domain isoforms of Bchs participate in the early steps of autophagy by recruiting Atg5 to target substrates for clearance, and that Bchs’ association with different parts of the autophagy machinery depends upon the type of autophagic stress imposed upon the neuron.

scholarly journals LOCATION AND UNDERREPLICATION OF SATELLITE DNA IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Paul Wollenzien ◽  
Paolo Barsanti ◽  
John E Hearst
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Imaginal Discs ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Different Parts

ABSTRACT The two light nuclear satellites (ρCsCl = 1.672 and ρCsCl = 1.687) have been quantified in DNA isolated from the larvel imaginal discs and brains of Drosophila melanogaster with the genotypes X/O, X/X and X/Y. By comparing the results from these different genotypes, the amounts of the two satellites in the X and Y chromosomes and in the autosomes have been determined. The lightest satellite is not located to any appreciable extent in the X chromosome. The heterochromatic regions are not completely filled by these satellites.—Satellite DNA has also been quantified in DNA isolated from adults containing different genotypes. The two satellites are underreplicated to different extents. The apparent amount of underreplication for one of the satellites is different in different parts of the genome.

Resistance of Genetic Correlation Structure to Directional Selection in Drosophila melanogaster

Evolution ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald S. Wilkinson ◽  
Kevin Fowler ◽  
Linda Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Directional Selection ◽  
Correlation Structure

Interallelic Complementation at the suppressor of forked Locus of Drosophila Reveals Complementation Between Suppressor of forked Proteins Mutated in Different Regions

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 1225-1235
Author(s):  
Martine Simonelig ◽  
Kate Elliott ◽  
Andrew Mitchelson ◽  
Kevin O'Hare
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Type Function ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Molecular Complexity ◽  
Interallelic Complementation ◽  
Cleavage Stimulation Factor ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract The Su(f) protein of Drosophila melanogaster shares extensive homologies with proteins from yeast (RNA14) and man (77 kD subunit of cleavage stimulation factor) that are required for 3′ end processing of mRNA. These homologies suggest that su(f) is involved in mRNA 3′ end formation and that some aspects of this process are conserved throughout eukaryotes. We have investigated the genetic and molecular complexity of the su(f) locus. The su(f) gene is transcribed to produce three RNAs and could encode two proteins. Using constructs that contain different parts of the locus, we show that only the larger predicted gene product of 84 kD is required for the wild-type function of su(f). Some lethal alleles of su(f) complement to produce viable combinations. The structures of complementing and noncomplementing su(f) alleles indicate that 84-kD Su(f) proteins mutated in different domains can act in combination for partial su(f) function. Our results suggest protein-protein interaction between or within wild-type Su(f) molecules.

A CHROMOSOMAL ANALYSIS OF EGG PRODUCTION AND ABDOMINAL CHAETA NUMBER IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Kidwell
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Directional Selection ◽  
Chromosomal Analysis ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Metric Traits

A marked-inversion-outcross technique was used to produce the 81 possible combinations of entire chromosomes (genotypes) resulting from crosses of two isogenic lines. Two metric traits, egg production during the 6th, 7th and 8th day and the number of chaeta on the fourth and fifth abdominal segments, were measured. Heterogeneity of within-genotype variance was found for both traits. There is some evidence of increasing variance with increasing homozygosity, bur it is not conclusive.Egg production is influenced largely by additive and dominance effects of chromosomes 2 and 3 and by epistatic interactions involving all four chromosomes. Chaeta number is determined largely by chromosomes with additive effects. For both traits, however, the three- and four-factor epistatic interactions contributed a real and important fraction of the total variance.The data are consistent with the view that egg production has been subjected to directional selection and that chaeta number has been subjected to stabilizing selection.

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