Optimal foraging: The influence of intraspecific competition on diet selection

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Milinski
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Diet Selection

The diet selection of lambs offered food choices of different nutrient density

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 196-196
Author(s):  
S.D.B. Cooper ◽  
I. Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Constant Ratio ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Selection Of

Cropper (1987) considered the influence of the ‘bulkiness’ of foods upon the diet selections made by growing lambs. The food pairs offered differed in both crude protein (CP) concentration and digestibility. The lambs offered such choices did not completely avoid the more bulky food, which would have been expected from an optimal foraging point of view (Krebs & McCleery, 1984). This led to the suggestion that the consumption of small quantities of the more bulky food was beneficial to the lamb, perhaps to maintain rumen function. The foods used in Cropper's (1987) experiment had different metabolisable energy concentrations and so the ratio of protein:energy would have varied between foods, thus these lambs may have attempted to select diets in order to achieve a specific ratio of such nutrients.The objective of this experiment was to test whether nutrient density (concentrations of protein and energy) has an influence upon diet selection. This was achieved by offering pairs of foods with different nutrient densities but a constant ratio of metabolisable protein (MP): metabolisable energy.

Lack of diet segregation between sexes and age groups in feral horses

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2583-2585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Lenarz
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Feral Horses ◽  
Range Use

Past research on large ungulates has suggested that species might minimize intraspecific competition by assuming sex- or age-specific diets. Diet segregation has, in fact, been documented in a variety of taxa but tends to be confounded by sexual dimorphism or differential range use. A hypothesis regarding diet selection was tested using food habits data from feral horses. The results indicate that diet segregation does not take place either between sexes or among age groups.

The effect of rumen pH or osmolality upon the diet selections made by sheep

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
S. D. B. Cooper ◽  
I Kyriazakis ◽  
J. V. Nolan ◽  
D. H. Anderson ◽  
J. D. Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Metabolic Costs ◽  
Selection Of

We have shown previously (Cooper and Kyriazakis, 1993) that lambs offered a choice between a low energy density (ED) food and a high ED food, do not solely consume the high ED food, as it would have been expected from an optimal foraging perspective. It is proposed that the lambs offered this choice have to balance the benefits of consuming a high ED food (high growth rate) against the metabolic costs incurred, which may be excessive disturbances to the rumen environment, such as a low rumen pH and an increased osmolality (this has been shown to be the case in the diet selection of sheep between concentrates and hay in an experiment by Engku Azahan and Forbes (1992)). The aim of this experiment was to test which of these two rumen conditions have an influence upon diet selections made by sheep offered foods of different ED.

Experience with Junk Food: Effects on Diet Selection

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine F. Wilson ◽  
Rachel L. Radel
Keyword(s):  
Diet Selection ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Food Effects

MATCHING INGESTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF GOATS TO LOCAL FEED RESOURCES

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phan Vũ Hải ◽  
Hồ Trung Thông ◽  
Đàm Văn Tiện
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Local Feed Resources ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour

This study was undertaken to find ways of reducing the time taken by goats tobegin to eat an edible feed that they have not previously encountered. Experiment 1demonstrated that the time taken for goats (7-8 months old) to ingest an unfamiliar feed(rice straw) was shorter (4 days) when it was first offered to them in the presence offamiliar positive cues (the odor or flavor of juices extracted from previously eaten,nutritionally beneficial grasses), than if it was offered in the absence of such cues (10 days).In contrast, when the feed was offered in the presence of the odor of parasitised goat feces,the time to first ingestion was extended to 20 days. Experiment 2 showed that when sixmonthold goats were exposed to feeds they had not experienced previously (rice straw orrice bran) they did not ingest these feeds in less than 7 days. However, they commencedingesting these feeds immediately if they had been exposed to them, prior to weaning, inthe presence of their mother or another adult goat. Application of the principles of feedingbehavior, as illustrated by the present studies, to goats in Vietnam may improve theirproduction, especially when diets are changed frequently and include both familiar andunfamiliar materials.Keywords: Behavior; Diet selection; Flavor; Neophobia; Social facilitation; Goat.

In Defense of Optimal Foraging by Bats: A Reply to Schluter

1982 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Howell ◽  
D. L. Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Foraging
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