Effects of caecal ligation and saline acclimation on plasma concentration and organ mass in male and female Pekin ducks, Anas platyrhynchos

1992 ◽  
Vol 162 (7) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryanne R. Hughes ◽  
David Kojwang ◽  
Tania Zenteno-Savin
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Organ Mass ◽  
Pekin Ducks ◽  
Caecal Ligation

Effect of saline drinking water on the size and water content of the gut and other organs of male and female mallards

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Hughes ◽  
D C Bennett ◽  
T M Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Organ Mass ◽  
Hind Gut

Ducks absorb imbibed Na+ and water in the anterior gut and reabsorb Na+ and water from urine refluxed into the hind gut. In Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) this process is sexually disparate: males reflux and reabsorb more water, mainly in the ceca. We examined the effect of saline acclimation on the size of Mallard organs, especially the gut and other osmoregulatory organs (kidneys, salt glands) in both sexes. We tested and accept two hypotheses: (1) saline increases the mass of the Mallard hind gut and other osmoregulatory organs and (2) saline has a greater effect on the organs of males. Drinking saline did not affect the mass of body, kidney, heart, or liver, but increased the mass of the salt glands, ileum, and ceca. Increases in organ mass were greater in males than in females. Saline acclimation increased the length of the jejunum only in males and decreased the length of the esophagus and the length and mass of the proventriculus only in females. Our data suggest that the upper and lower gut segments may play somewhat different roles in ion and water transport in the two sexes.

Social experience influences preferences in black ducks and mallards

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1434-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Brodsky ◽  
C. Davison Ankney ◽  
Darrell G. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Social Preferences ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Potential Mate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females

The influence of social experience on the preferences for a potential mate in a captive population of black ducks, Anas rubripes, and mallards, Anas platyrhynchos, was examined. Birds were reared from hatching with conspecifics (i.e., female black ducks with male black ducks, female mallards with male mallards), or were cross-fostered with the other species (i.e., female black ducks with male mallards, female mallards with male black ducks). Preferences of individuals were tested in a chamber containing caged black ducks and mallards of the opposite sex. In over 90% (100/109) of the trials, males and females preferred the species that they were raised with since hatching, whether they were of the same species or not. These results demonstrate that social experience influences the social preferences of male and female black ducks and mallards.

Outbreak of Avian Tuberculosis in Commercial Domestic Pekin Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestica)

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Kang Zhu ◽  
Xiao-Heng Song ◽  
Jiang-Bo Wang ◽  
Wang-Shu Zhou ◽  
Xu-Ming Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Pekin Ducks

Noncholinergic vasodilator innervation in the feet of ducks

1979 ◽  
Vol 237 (2) ◽  
pp. H112-H117
Author(s):  
D. D. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Krebs Solution ◽  
Vasomotor Responses ◽  
Pekin Ducks ◽  
Stimulation Of

Vasomotor responses to nerve stimulation were studied in the feet of Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus). The birds were killed and the feet isolated and perfused with a Krebs solution. Electrical stimulation of pedal nerves gave vasoconstrictor responses that were abolished by injecting guanethidine and by treating birds with reserpine. After guanethidine or reserpine, nerve stimulation resulted only in vasodilatation, which was unaffected by hexamethonium. Vasodilator responses to nerve stimulation were not blocked by hyoscine or atropine, which blocked responses to acetylcholine, nor by metiamide, which blocked vasodilatation in response to histamine. Responses to nerve stimulation were blocked by tetrodotoxin. Isoprenaline produced vasoconstriction that was blocked by phentolamine and also weak vasodilator responses that were antagonized by propranolol. It is concluded that the vasoconstrictor innervation is adrenergic. The identy of the vasodilator neurotransmitter is unknown; it is apparently not acetylcholine, a catecholamine, or histamine.

Dehydration and arginine vasotocin and angiotensin II in CSF and plasma of pekin ducks

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. R285-R291 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Gray ◽  
E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
The State ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Independent Control ◽  
Pekin Ducks

Osmolalities and, by radioimmunoassay, the contents of arginine vasotocin (AVT) and angiotensin II (ANG II) in simultaneously collected cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples were determined in chronically prepared conscious Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) adapted to either freshwater (FW ducks) or salt water (2% saline, SW ducks) for drinking. In FW ducks the AVT in CSF was approximately 10-fold higher than in plasma; ANG II concentration in CSF was about two-thirds of that in plasma. In SW ducks concentrations of AVT were increased approximately threefold and of ANG II fourfold in both CSF and plasma. Dehydration in FW ducks (24-48 h) increased AVT and ANG II in both CSF and plasma, the relative rise being greater in plasma. Within 150 min after rehydration plasma AVT fell at unchanged CSF AVT, whereas CSF ANG II fell at unchanged plasma ANG II. Hydration of SW ducks with freshwater had similar effects. The results indicate separate avenues of release of central and systemic AVT and ANG II and support the idea of an independent control of central ANG II as a mediator in osmoregulation, with CSF AVT reflecting the state of osmoregulatory activity of the hypothalamopituitary vasotocinergic system.

scholarly journals Growth performance, body measurements, carcass composition and some internal organ characteristics in young Pekin ducks

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Steczny ◽  
D. Kokoszynski ◽  
Z. Bernacki ◽  
R. Wasilewski ◽  
M. Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Pekin Duck ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Visceral Organs ◽  
Pekin Ducks ◽  
Males And Females

The aim of the study was to compare the bodyweight and body measurements, carcass composition, and characteristics of major visceral organs in male and female Pekin ducks. A total of 80 hybrid SM3 Heavy ducks were kept in a conventional building and fed complete commercial diets ad libitum. The male and female were weighed individually at one day old and their bodyweight and body measurements were determined at 21, 35 and 49 days of rearing. On day 49, 20 males and 20 females were chosen for slaughter. After slaughter, the carcasses and visceral organs were collected. No significant differences were observed between males and females in bodyweight (1 d, 58.6 vs 56.3 g to 49 d, 3518 vs 3433 g) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (0–49 d, 2.44 vs 2.49 kg/kg gain). At 35 days old males demonstrated a significantly longer body and shanks and, at 49 days old a significantly longer body than females. The sex of ducks had no significant effect on the percentage of wings, muscles from breast and legs, skin with subcutaneous fat, abdominal fat and carcass remainder. The neck content was significantly greater in male carcasses than female ones. The contents of proventriculus, liver, and spleen in the bodies of males and females were similar. Gizzard percentage was significantly greater in males, and heart percentage was significantly greater in females. Due to their high bodyweight, good FCR, and favourable carcass composition, SM3 Heavy male ducks are more useful as broiler duck than females.Keywords: carcasses, digestive system, growth, Pekin duck, sex

Effects of acute administration of 2-hydroxylated metabolites of oestrogens on LH and prolactin secretion in male and female prepubertal rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-325
Author(s):  
A. K. Brar ◽  
G. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Immature Male ◽  
Lh Release

ABSTRACT The effects of catechol oestradiol and catechol oestrone on the release of LH and prolactin were investigated in immature male and female Wistar rats. In male rats both catechol oestradiol and catechol oestrone significantly increased the plasma concentration of LH, and catechol oestradiol but not catechol oestrone significantly increased the plasma concentration of prolactin and decreased the pituitary concentration of LH. The parent oestrogens, oestradiol-17β and oestrone, had no effect on plasma LH concentrations, but both increased significantly the plasma concentration of prolactin, and oestrone but not oestradiol-17β increased the pituitary concentration of LH. In immature female rats, catechol oestradiol inhibited the surge of LH and the increase in uterine weight induced by injecting pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG). The injection of oestrone induced an increase in the plasma concentration of LH which was about nine times greater than that produced by oestradiol-17β. There were no significant differences in the effects of these steroids on plasma prolactin concentration. These results (i) confirm that in the immature male rat catechol oestrogens can stimulate LH release and show that catechol oestradiol can increase prolactin release, (ii) show that catechol oestradiol can inhibit the stimulatory effects of PMSG on LH release and uterine weight in the immature female rat, and (iii) demonstrate that oestrone can stimulate LH release in the immature female rat. J. Endocr. (1984) 103, 317-325

Significance of the Secretory Pattern of Growth Hormone

Physiology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
OGP Isakkson ◽  
J-O Jansson ◽  
RG Clark ◽  
I Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
Secretory Pattern

The plasma concentration of growth hormone fluctuates widely with pronounced peaks at intervals of a few hours and troughs of nearly vanishingly low concentrations in between. The pattern of secretion varies, and different patterns affect growth differently. Tall children usually have frequent growth hormone peaks of a high amplitude, whereas short, healthy children usually have fewer peaks of a lower amplitude. Male and female rats have different patterns, and a "masculine" pattern promotes growth more than a "feminine" pattern. If the same amount of growth hormone is administered in several pulses rather than continuously, the effect on growth is much greater.

Helminths from the digestive tracts of mallards and pintails in the Delta Marsh, Manitoba

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. J. Crichton ◽  
H. E. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Anas Acuta ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Delta Marsh ◽  
Adult Females

At least five species of cestodes, seven of trematodes, seven of nematodes, and two of acanthocephalans were found in Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos (L.) and Anas acuta (L.). Male and female adult and juvenile mallards harbored greater numbers of worms than did pintails. Adult females of both species had greater numbers of helminths per bird than did males. In addition, juvenile birds harbored greater numbers of parasites than did adults. The parasitic faunas of the two surface-feeding ducks, mallard and pintail, differed quantitatively despite their common habits. These differences were not a reflection of different diets but the suspicion is that mallards are more susceptible to parasitism than pintails. No serious cases of helminthiasis were found in the 101 mallards and 101 pintails examined in 1967 and 1968.

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