Identification of several chloroplast DNA genes which code for the large subunit of Nicotiana Fraction I proteins

1974 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiro Sakano ◽  
S. D. Kung ◽  
S. G. Wildman
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Fraction I

scholarly journals Protein synthesis in chloroplasts. Characteristics and products of protein synthesis in vitro in etioplasts and developing chloroplasts from pea leaves

1975 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
S G Siddell ◽  
R J Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Fraction I ◽  
Plastid Ribosomes

The function of plastid ribosomes in pea (Pisum sativum L.) was investigated by characterizing the products of protein synthesis in vitro in plastids isolated at different stages during the transition from etioplast to chloroplast. Etioplasts and plastids isolated after 24, 48 and 96h of greening in continuous white light, use added ATP to incorporate labelled amino acids into protein. Plastids isolated from greening leaves can also use light as the source of energy for protein synthesis. The labelled polypeptides synthesized in isolated plastids were analysed by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate-ureapolyacrylamide gels. Six polypeptides are synthesized in etioplasts with ATP as energy source. Only one of these polypeptides is present in a 150 000g supernatant fraction. This polypeptide has been identified as the large subunit of Fraction I protein (3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxylyase EC 4.1.1.39) by comparing the tryptic ‘map’ of its L-(35S)methionine-labelled peptides with the tryptic ‘map’ of large subunit peptides from Fraction I labelled with L-(35S)methionine in vivo. The same gel pattern of six polypeptides is seen when plastids isolated from greening leaves are incubated with either added ATP or light as the energy source. However, the rates of synthesis of particular polypeptides are different in plastids isolated at different stages of the etioplast to chloroplast transition. The results support the idea that plastid ribosomes synthesize only a small number of proteins, and that the number and molecular weight of these proteins does not alter during the formation of chloroplasts from etioplasts.

THE NATURE OF NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE DIVERGENCE BETWEEN BARLEY AND MAIZE CHLOROPLAST DNA

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-749
Author(s):  
Gerard Zurawski ◽  
Michael T Clegg ◽  
Anthony H D Brown
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Leader Region ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Noncoding Regions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Maize Chloroplast

ABSTRACT Analysis of a 2175-base pair (bp) SmaI-HindIII fragment of barley chloroplast DNA revealed that rbcL (the gene for the large subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase) and atpB (the gene for the β subunit of ATPase) are transcribed divergently and are separated by an untranscribed region of 155-166 bp. The rbcL mRNA has a 320-residue untranslated leader region, whereas the atpB mRNA has a 296- to 309-residue leader region. The sequence of these regions, together with the initial 113 bp of the atpB-coding region and the initial 1279 bp of the rbcL-coding region, is compared with the analogous maize chloroplast DNA sequences. Two classes of nucleotide differences are present, substitutions and insertions/deletions. Nucleotide substitutions show a 1.9-fold bias toward transitions in the rbcL-coding region and a 1.5-fold bias toward transitions in the noncoding region. The level of nucleotide substitutions between the barley and maize sequences is about 0.065/bp. Seventy-one percent of the substitutions in the rbcL-coding region are at the third codon position, and 95% of these are synonymous changes. Insertion/deletion events, which are confined to the noncoding regions, are not randomly distributed in these regions and are often associated with short repeated sequences. The extent of change for the noncoding regions (about 0.093 events/bp) is less than the extent of change at the third codon positions in the rbcL-coding region (about 0.135 events/bp), including insertion/delection events. Limited sequence analysis of the analogous DNA from a wild line (Hordeum spontaneum) and a primitive Iranian barley (H. vulgare) suggested a low rate of chloroplast DNA evolution. Compared to spinach chloroplast DNA, the barley rbcL-atpB untranslated region is extremely diverged, with only the putative rbcL promoters and ribosome-binding site being extensively conserved.

Beta chloroplast genomes: analysis of Fraction I protein and chloroplast DNA variation

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kishima ◽  
T. Mikami ◽  
A. Hirai ◽  
M. Sugiura ◽  
T. Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Fraction I Protein ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Variation ◽  
Fraction I
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