Comparative greenhouse study of Eucalyptus grandis in vitro plantlets and half-sib seedlings, II. Dry matter accumulation and relative distribution

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 500-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Warrag ◽  
M. S. Lesney ◽  
D. L. Rockwood
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets

scholarly journals Size of In Vitro Plantlets Affects Subsequent Tuber Production of Acclimated Calla Lily

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junne-Jih Chen ◽  
Ming-Chung Liu ◽  
Yang-Hsiu Ho
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Calla Lily ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets ◽  
Tuber Production

Tuber production of calla lily (Zantedeschia elliottiana Spreng cv. Super Gold) was investigated using three size ranges (7-10, 4-7, and <4 mm shoot diameter) of in vitro plantlets acclimated in either pots or soil beds in a protected house. The shoots and tubers of large plantlets exhibited higher rates of dry-matter accumulation than did those of small plantlets. The diameter of tubers harvested from pots ranged from 0.67 to 4.1 cm with median values of 2.7, 2.1, and 1.9 cm for the plants derived from large, medium, and small plantlets, respectively. Plants grown in soil beds, regardless of size, produced larger tubers than did those grown in pots. Tubers >3 cm in diameter developed on 25% and 52% of plants grown in pots and soil beds, respectively. Our results suggest that improved calla lily production could be realized by using larger in vitro plantlets as the source material and growing them in soil beds in a protected house.

Intercellular Invertase in Developing Peach Mesocarp

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
TD Ugalde ◽  
DJ Chalmers ◽  
PH Jerie
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Insoluble Particles

Acid invertase (β-fructofuranosidase, EC 3.2.1.26) was extracted from peach mesocarp (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) using a range of extraction conditions. The enzyme always was attached to insoluble particles in the crude homogenate and was bound by a mechanism that could not have arisen during extraction. The activity in the insoluble fraction made up (essentially) all of the total activity extracted from the tissue and was the same as the activity shown by whole tissue slices placed directly into the assay solution. These results demonstrate that most of the acid invertase in developing peach mesocarp is located outside the cell. The amount of this enzyme, as measured in vitro, did not change during development at times when the rate of dry matter increase was changing rapidly. Either the action of intercellular invertase is not associated with the control of dry matter accumulation in peach mesocarp, or control is effected through activity of the enzyme in vivo, not its synthesis or degradation.

Phenology, Reproductive-Biology and Seed Development in Four Rush and Sedge Species From Western Australia

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Meney ◽  
KW Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Study Species

Four species of Restionaceae and Cyperaceae from the Mediterranean-type climate region of Western Australia were studied to determine factor(s) limiting their reproductive performance. Ecdeiocolea monostachya (Ecdeiocoleaceae), Lepidobolus chaetocephalus (Restionaceae), Restio aff. sphacelatus (Restionaceae) and Mesomelaena pseudostygia (Cyperaceae) differed in the pattern of dry matter partitioning and phenological patterns. All species were moderately efficient at remobilising dry matter from senescing vegetative organs, maintaining constant tissue water to dry matter content in mature organs over the study period regardless of soil moisture availability. In situ nutrient and water supplements of study species did not elicit improved seed production or significant increases in dry matter accumulation (except for current and old culms of E. monostachya and spikelets of L. chaetocephalus). For all study species except L. chaetocephalus, seed production was low, while herbivore activity, insect predation andlor infection by a smut (Tolyposporium lepidiboli) reduced seed production potential in L. chaetocephalus and E. monostachya. Attempts at seed germination for all study species were not successful. Extracted embryos from mature seed of all species cultured in vitro grew rapidly, providing a reliable method for propagation of study species.

In Vitro Selection of Imazethapyr-Tolerant Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill.)

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Iler ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton ◽  
K. Peter Pauls
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Callus Initiation ◽  
Callus Proliferation ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Effectiveness of cyclical in vitro selection for imazethapyr tolerance in tomato was studied. Cotyledons and leaf explants from shoots regenerated on media containing imazethapyr were used to initiate three successive cycles of selection. Increases in tissue viability, callus initiation, and callus proliferation were observed following three cycles of selection on 10−7M imazethapyr. Dry matter accumulation of unselected tomato seedlings was reduced by 50% when imazethapyr was applied postemergence at a rate of 28 g ae ha−1. Progeny of eight tomato lines selected after one cycle of selection had greater tolerance to imazethapyr than control plants (60 to 70% dry matter accumulation versus 50%, respectively). Variability was also generated for imazethapyr tolerance among progeny of the same tomato line.

scholarly journals The Effects of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment, Natural Ventilation, and Light Intensity on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Transpiration of Cauliflower Plantlets Cultured in vitro Photoautotrophically and Photomixotrophically

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Kanechi ◽  
Masakatsu Ochi ◽  
Michiko Abe ◽  
Noboru Inagaki ◽  
Susumu Maekawa
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Photoautotrophic Growth ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets ◽  
Photosynthetic Ability

The effects of natural ventilation and CO2 enrichment during the rooting stage on the growth and the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration of in vitro cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) plantlets were investigated. In vitro plantlets were established in airtight or ventilated vessels with or without CO2 supplied (≈1200 μg·L-1) through gas permeable films attached to the vessel's cap for 15 days before transplanting ex vitro. Leaves generated in vitro in ventilated vessels had a higher photosynthetic rate than those produced in airtight vessels, which lead to greater leaf expansion and shoot and root dry matter accumulation during in vitro culture and acclimatization. Enhanced photosynthesis in leaves of ventilated plantlets was positively correlated with chlorophyll content. Increasing photosynthetically active radiation from 70 to 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 enhanced the growth of in vitro plantlets under ventilated conditions but it depressed photosynthesis of the leaves grown photomixotrophically with sugar and CO2 enrichment which might be due to the feedback inhibition caused by marked accumulations of sucrose and starch. Higher CO2 levels during in vitro culture enhanced photosynthesis under photoautotrophic conditions, but inhibited it under photomixotrophic conditions. Fifteen days after transplanting ex vitro, high photosynthetic ability and stomatal resistance to transpiratory water loss of ventilated plantlets in vitro had important contributions to rooting and acclimatization. Our findings show that the ventilated culture is effective for accelerating photoautotrophic growth of plantlets by increasing photosynthesis, suggesting that, especially for plantlets growing in vitro without sugar, CO2 enrichment may be necessary to enhance photosynthetic ability.

scholarly journals ESTABLISHMENT TECHNIQUES FOR TROPICAL LEGUMES IN THE UNDERSTORY OF A EUCALYPTUS PLANTATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-352
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza Franceschi Nicodemo ◽  
Francisco Humberto Dubbern de Souza ◽  
Jose Ricardo Macedo Pezzopane ◽  
João Carlos Teixeira Mendes ◽  
Waldomiro Barioni Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides

This study evaluated establishment methods for a mixture of herbaceous forage legumes [Centrosema acutifolium, Clitoria ternatea, Pueraria phaseoloides, Stylosanthes Campo Grande (Stylosanthes capitata + S. macrocephala), Calopogonium mucunoides, Lablab purpureus, Arachis pintoi, and Aeschynomene villosa] under the shade of an Eucalyptus grandis plantation submitted to thinning (40%) 8 years after planting in Anhembi, São Paulo (22°40'S, 48°10'W, altitude of 455 m). The experiment started in December 2008 and consisted of the comparison of the following four types of seed incorporation by light disc harrowing: (1) broadcast sowing without seed incorporation; disc harrowing before (2) or after (3) planting, and (4) disc harrowing before and after planting. Ninety days after planting, the number of legume plants/m2 and the percentage of ground cover by the plants varied between the treatments tested; however, the treatments had no effect on the dry matter accumulation of forage legumes. Disc harrowing before planting yielded superior results compared to the treatments without disc harrowing and disc harrowing after planting. At the end of the experimental period, the plots contained Arachis, Centrosema, Stylosanthes, and Pueraria. The dry matter accumulated by Centrosema corresponded to 73% of total dry matter yield of the plots. The participation of Arachis, Centrosema and Stylosanthes in final dry matter composition of the plots varied according to establishment method. The advantages of the use of species mixtures rather than monocultures in the understory of forest plantations were discussed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Soil Moisture on the Motherstalk Method of Asparagus Production

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Stephen Reiners ◽  
Stephen A. Garrison
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Conventional Practice

The effect of soil moisture levels on the yield and dry matter accumulation of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L) using the motherstalk method was examined in a greenhouse study. This technique allows for a spear to develop a mature fern while permitting harvest of later-developing spears. The motherstalk treatment resulted in significantly heavier spears as compared to the conventional practice without a motherstalk and harvesting all spears. In addition, crown weights between the motherstalk and the nonharvested treatment were similar at the end of the 12-week harvest period, but significantly lower when spears were harvested without the benefit of a motherstalk. Optimizing soil moisture significantly increased yield in the motherstalk treatment and increased the fern dry weight but had no effect on crown dry weight. Our results indicate that the motherstalk system may allow for extended asparagus harvest in temperate areas but soil moisture may need to be carefully monitored to use this technique.

scholarly journals Morphophysiological development of Tabeluia serratifolia Vahl Nich. seeds

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Laene Moreira de Carvalho ◽  
Marcela Carlota Nery ◽  
Luciana Magda de Oliveira ◽  
Henk W. M. Hilhorst ◽  
Renato Mendes Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Maturation Process ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Heat Resistant

Tabebuia serratifolia is used for the reforestation of degraded areas. Despite protection by law for permanent preservation, the species is in danger of extinction due to improper exploitation. With the objective to aid preservation and long term storage of the species we evaluated morphophysiological alterations of T. serratifolia seeds during the maturation process in order to identify markers that can be used for harvesting and storage. Fruits were collected at anthesis and seven developmental stages from trees growing in Lavras, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. At each harvest, fruits and seeds were evaluated for color and size, moisture content, dry matter, internal morphology (by X-ray analysis), germination parameters (in vitro and ex vitro), as well as sugar and polyphenol content and heat resistant proteins. During the maturation process the initially green fruits changed to a brownish color and grew from a length of 7 to 18 cm; cracks appeared at the beginning of seed dispersal. The seed color varied from leaf-green to brownish and the length from 1 to 3 cm. The first indicatior of physiological maturity should be observed at 39 days post-anthesis, when variations the color and size of both fruits and seeds were observed. Increase in the moisture content, dry matter and germination, percentage of seeds and embryos in vitro, as well as a reduction in sugar content and LEA proteins were also observed. The physiological maturity of T. serratifolia seeds was reached 53 days after anthesis, coinciding with a maximum of dry matter accumulation and germination (and index of germination speed ex vitro), decrease in phenol levels, higher intensity of heat-resistant protein bands and the beginning of fruit opening.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document