Ethanol tolerance of Pichia stipitis and Candida shehatae strains in fed-batch cultures at controlled low dissolved oxygen levels

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. du Preez ◽  
B. van Driessel ◽  
B. A. Prior
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Ethanol Tolerance ◽  
Pichia Stipitis ◽  
Candida Shehatae ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Low Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Levels

A study of water quality in an urban river and potential improvement using a prototype instream aerator

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Town ◽  
D. S. Mavinic ◽  
B. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Fish Kills ◽  
Low Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Levels

Urban encroachment and intensive agricultural activity within the Serpentine–Nicomekl watershed (near Vancouver, B.C.) have caused a series of fish (salmon) kills on the Serpentine River since 1980. Low dissolved oxygen was responsible for these kills. This field project investigated some of the dynamic chemical and biological relationships within the river, as well as the use of an instream aerator as a temporary, in situ, water quality improvement measure. Weekly sampling for a 6-month period during the latter half of 1985 established a solid data base for deriving and interpreting meaningful interrelationships. A strong correlation between chlorophyll a and dissolved oxygen levels before the algae die-off supported the hypothesis that algae blooms dying in the fall could create a serious oxygen demand. Because of these environmental conditions, the river is unable to sustain healthy dissolved oxygen levels during this period. As such, a prototype, 460 m artificial aeration line was designed, installed, and monitored to evaluate its potential for alleviating low dissolved oxygen conditions and improving overall water quality during the critical fall period.The instream aerator ran continuously for over 2 months, starting in September 1985. Despite better-than-expected weather conditions (i.e., cool, wet weather) and relatively high dissolved oxygen levels during the fall of 1985, the data base appeared to support the use of this prototype aeration unit as a means of "upgrading" a stretch of an urban river subject to periodic, low dissolved oxygen levels. As a result, a 2-year follow-up study and river monitoring was initiated. In both 1986 and 1987, late summer and early fall river conditions resulted in the potential for serious salmon kills, due to higher-than-normal river temperatures and very low dissolved oxygen. In both instances, the instream aerator prevented such fish kills in a key stretch of the river. Expansion of the system to include other critical stretches of the Serpentine and other urban river systems, near Vancouver, is being considered. Key words: algae, aerator, chlorophyll a, eutrophic, fish kills, instream aeration, river improvement, urban river.

Some Effects of Temporary Exposure to Low Dissolved Oxygen Levels on Pacific Salmon Eggs

1958 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Alderdice ◽  
W. P. Wickett ◽  
J. R. Brett
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Availability ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Low Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Levels

Eggs of the chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) were exposed to various constant levels of dissolved oxygen for a period of seven days. The procedure was repeated with fresh egg samples at various developmental stages. Temperatures were constant at 10 °C. from fertilization to hatching. Estimates of oxygen consumption uninhibited by low dissolved oxygen levels were obtained at various stages of egg development for whole eggs and also on the basis of the weight of larvae, excluding the yolk. Eggs were most sensitive to hypoxia between 100–200 Centigrade degree-days and compensated for reduced oxygen availability by reducing the oxygen demand and rate of development. Very low oxygen levels at early incubation stages resulted in the production of monstrosities. At about the time the circulatory system becomes functional the compensatory reduction in rate of growth under hypoxial conditions is reduced, but eggs no longer survive extreme hypoxial conditions. Eggs subjected to low dissolved oxygen levels just prior to hatching hatch prematurely at a rate dependent on the degree of hypoxia. The maximum premature hatching rate corresponded approximately with the median lethal oxygen level. Estimated median lethal levels rose slowly from fertilization to hatching. Oxygen consumption per egg rose from fertilization to hatching while the consumption per gram of larval tissue declined from a high to a low level at about the time of blastopore closure. Subsequently, a slight rise in the rate occurred up to a level which was more or less constant to hatching. "Critical" dissolved oxygen levels were calculated and they appear to define the oxygen level above which respiratory rate is unmodified by oxygen availability. Critical levels ranged from about 1 p.p.m. in early stages to over 7 p.p.m. shortly before hatching.

scholarly journals NTPDase and acetylcholinesterase activities in silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Heptapteridae) exposed to interaction of oxygen and ammonia levels

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer ◽  
Vania Lúcia Loro ◽  
Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger ◽  
Vera Maria Morsch ◽  
Luciane Almeri Tabaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Toxicity ◽  
Nucleoside Triphosphate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Low Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen

The effects of various levels of oxygen saturation and ammonia concentration on NTPDase (ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase, E.C. 3.6.1.5) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE, E.C. 3.1.1.7) activities in whole brain of teleost fish (Rhamdia quelen) were investigated. The fish were exposed to one of two different dissolved oxygen levels, including high oxygen (6.5 mg.L-1) or low oxygen (3.5 mg.L-1), and one of two different ammonia levels, including high ammonia (0.1 mg.L-1) or low ammonia (0.03 mg.L-1) levels. The four experimental groups included the following (A) control, or high dissolved oxygen plus low NH3; (B) low dissolved oxygen plus low NH3; (C) high dissolved oxygen plus high NH3; (D) low dissolved oxygen plus high NH3. We found that enzyme activities were altered after 24 h exposure in groups C and D. ATP and ADP hydrolysis in whole brain of fish was enhanced in group D after 24 h exposure by 100% and 119%, respectively, compared to the control group. After 24 h exposure, AChE activity presented an increase of 34% and 39% in groups C and D, respectively, when compared to the control group. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that low oxygen levels increase ammonia toxicity. Moreover, the hypoxic events may increase blood flow by hypoxia increasing NTPDase activity, thus producing adenosine, a potent vasodilator.

Oxygen and the Trade-off between Egg Ventilation and Brood Protection in the Common Goby

Behaviour ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 136 (7) ◽  
pp. 819-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Jones ◽  
John Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Direct Care ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Low Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Shore Crabs ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Goby

Abstract1. We examined compromises between defence of nests against predation and ventilation of eggs in the common goby (Pomatoschistus microps). Females are known to prefer nests with small entrances, which are less vulnerable to predatory shore crabs, Carcinus maenus. However, small nest entrances may hamper egg ventilation by males. This may be especially detrimental under conditions of low dissolved oxygen. 2. Males did not make smaller entrances to their nests when in the presence of predatory crabs, but they had larger entrances under low oxygen than in normal oxygen levels. 3. Males diverted time from ventilating nests to attacking crabs. 4. Thus, males exchanged direct care of the eggs for protection against predators by reducing their fanning activity, but not according to needs of their eggs for oxygenation. This trade-off may therefore impose a greater cost to egg survival for males in low oxygen.

Segregation of altered parental properties in fusions between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the D-xylose fermenting yeasts Candida shehatae and Pichia stipitis

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1233-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abindra S. Gupthar
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Protoplast Fusion ◽  
Ethanol Tolerance ◽  
Pichia Stipitis ◽  
Candida Shehatae ◽  
Auxotrophic Mutants ◽  
Parental Type

A prototrophic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CSIR Y190 MATa xyl−, resistant to high levels of ethanol, was hybridized with xylose-fermenting, auxotrophic mutants of Candida shehatae and Pichia stipitis through polyethylene glycol-induced protoplast fusion in an attempt to produce ethanol-tolerant, xylose-fermenting hybrids. Mononucleate fusants were obtained, but these dissociated into a mixture of parental-type segregants. Purified Candida- and Pichia-resembling segregants failed to acquire improved ethanol tolerance but expressed other novel properties of S. cerevisiae, suggesting that karyogamy was impaired after internuclear gene transfer. Key words: Pichia, Candida, Saccharomyces protoplast fusion.

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