Pharmacokinetics of melphalan in children following high-dose intravenous injection

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A.-K. Taha ◽  
R.A. Ahmad ◽  
D.W. Rogers ◽  
J. Pritchard ◽  
H.J. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
High Dose

scholarly journals Mechanisms of ventilatory inhibition by exogenous dopamine in cats

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1131-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Loos ◽  
P. Haouzi ◽  
F. Marchal
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Baroreceptor Stimulation ◽  
Large Dosage ◽  
Low Dosage

Intravenous injection of dopamine (DA) has consistently been shown to depress minute ventilation (V˙e). Whereas at low dosage (≤10 μg/kg) this effect may be accounted for by inhibition of the carotid sinus nerve chemosensory discharge (CSNCD), other mechanisms appear to be involved with large dosage (≥50 μg/kg). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms of DA-inducedV˙e depression. The effects of intravenous injection of DA doses ranging from 1 to 200 μg/kg were studied in 18 anesthetized cats. DA was injected during air and O2 breathing, after α-adrenergic blockade by phenoxybenzamine and after baro- and chemodenervation.V˙e and CSNCD were also simultaneously recorded on four occasions. In contrast to that with use of low-dose DA, V˙e depression induced by high-dose DA was dissociated from CSNCD, persisted during 100% O2 breathing, and was significantly correlated with the rise in arterial blood pressure. Although blunted, V˙e depression was still present after complete chemo- and barodenervation but was suppressed by blocking of the concomitant vasoconstriction with phenoxybenzamine. It is concluded that reflexes of circulatory origin contribute to the V˙e depression induced by large-dose DA, in addition to its effects on arterial chemoreceptors. The contribution of baroreceptor stimulation and peripheral vasoconstriction is discussed.

Systemic toxicity and toxicokinetics of a high dose of polyethylene glycol 400 in dogs following intravenous injection

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-qiu Li ◽  
Xin Dong ◽  
Shi-hong Fang ◽  
Ji-you Gao ◽  
Gui-qin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Systemic Toxicity ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 400

scholarly journals Evaluation of Clinical Efficiency of Cardioprotective Therapy in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-503
Author(s):  
I. D. Astrakhantseva ◽  
A. S. Vorobyov ◽  
K. Yu. Nikolayev ◽  
I. A. Urvantseva
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Severe Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Metoprolol Tartrate ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection ◽  
The Third ◽  
Combined Use

Aim. To evaluate the efficiency of cardioprotective therapy using intravenous metoprolol in combination with a high dose of atorvastatin in the prevention of myocardial remodeling (MR) and heart failure (HF) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Material AND methods. A prospective study included 100 STEMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous intervention (PCI). Depending on the regimens of drug cardioprotection, three groups of patients were formed: the first (2014–2015) — 34 patients who received 80 mg atorvastatin as a part of the basic therapy on the first day of STEMI, then 20–40 mg/day for 30 days. The second group (2017–2018) — 34 patients who received atorvastatin 80 mg/day for a month from the onset of STEMI. The third group (2018–2019) — 32 patients who received intravenous metoprolol tartrate (5–15 mg) and atorvastatin 80 mg/day before PCI for a month from the onset of STEMI. On days 1 and 2 of STEMI and one month later, patients were assessed for serum levels of cardiac biomarkers; on the 1st, 7th days and one month later, echocardiographic studies (EchoCG) were performed. At the end of the observation, clinical and imaging outcomes (MR and HF) were assessed, which were compared with the dynamics of biomarkers between the groups of patients.Results. The combined use of atorvastatin 80 mg/day for a month from the onset of STEMI and a single intravenous injection of metoprolol tartrate (5–15 mg) in the acute phase of STEMI before PCI showed the most significant effects in the prevention of the development of structural and functional myocardial disorders and clinically severe heart failure, and also caused the minimal serum activity of cardiomarkers in the third group of patients in comparison with the first and second groups of patients without this drug combination. Also, correlations between biomarkers and echocardiography indicators were established in the third group of patients who received cardioprotective therapy.Conclusion. The combined use of high-dose atorvastatin for a month with a single intravenous injection of metoprolol tartrate in acute STEMI before PCI prevents the formation of MR and clinically significant HF in the post-infarction period. Comprehensive dynamic assessment of cardiac biomarkers and echocardiography parameters within a month after post-STEMI is a highly informative tools for monitoring the efficiency of cardioprotective therapy.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal LytA Autolysin, a Potent Therapeutic Agent in Experimental Peritonitis-Sepsis Caused by Highly β-Lactam-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 3371-3373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Rodríguez-Cerrato ◽  
Pedro García ◽  
Lorena Huelves ◽  
Ernesto García ◽  
Gema del Prado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Intraperitoneal Therapy ◽  
Potent Therapeutic Agent

ABSTRACT The in vitro and in vivo antipneumococcal activities of the main pneumococcal autolysin (LytA) and Cpl-1, a lysozyme encoded by phage Cp-1, were studied. Intraperitoneal therapy with LytA or high-dose Cpl-1 remarkably reduced peritoneal bacterial counts (>5 log10 CFU/ml) compared with those for the controls. After intravenous injection, LytA was the most effective treatment.

Electron Beam Damage of Biomolecules Assessed by Energy Loss Spectroscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
M. Isaacson ◽  
M.L. Collins ◽  
M. Listvan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Atom Migration ◽  
Beam Damage

Over the past five years it has become evident that radiation damage provides the fundamental limit to the study of blomolecular structure by electron microscopy. In some special cases structural determinations at very low doses can be achieved through superposition techniques to study periodic (Unwin & Henderson, 1975) and nonperiodic (Saxton & Frank, 1977) specimens. In addition, protection methods such as glucose embedding (Unwin & Henderson, 1975) and maintenance of specimen hydration at low temperatures (Taylor & Glaeser, 1976) have also shown promise. Despite these successes, the basic nature of radiation damage in the electron microscope is far from clear. In general we cannot predict exactly how different structures will behave during electron Irradiation at high dose rates. Moreover, with the rapid rise of analytical electron microscopy over the last few years, nvicroscopists are becoming concerned with questions of compositional as well as structural integrity. It is important to measure changes in elemental composition arising from atom migration in or loss from the specimen as a result of electron bombardment.

Electron-diffraction studies in synthetic polymer materials

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 362-365
Author(s):  
D.T. Grubb
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
First Case ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
The Many

Diffraction studies in polymeric and other beam sensitive materials may bring to mind the many experiments where diffracted intensity has been used as a measure of the electron dose required to destroy fine structure in the TEM. But this paper is concerned with a range of cases where the diffraction pattern itself contains the important information.In the first case, electron diffraction from paraffins, degraded polyethylene and polyethylene single crystals, all the samples are highly ordered, and their crystallographic structure is well known. The diffraction patterns fade on irradiation and may also change considerably in a-spacing, increasing the unit cell volume on irradiation. The effect is large and continuous far C94H190 paraffin and for PE, while for shorter chains to C 28H58 the change is less, levelling off at high dose, Fig.l. It is also found that the change in a-spacing increases at higher dose rates and at higher irradiation temperatures.

Microprobe analysis of inclusion bodies related to two benzofuran derivatives

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 672-673
Author(s):  
T. L. Benning ◽  
P. Ingram ◽  
J. D. Shelburne
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
High Dose ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Dense Inclusion ◽  
Melanin Complex

Two benzofuran derivatives, chlorpromazine and amiodarone, are known to produce inclusion bodies in human tissues. Prolonged high dose chlorpromazine therapy causes hyperpigmentation of the skin with electron-dense inclusion bodies present in dermal histiocytes and endothelial cells ultrastructurally. The nature of the deposits is not known although a drug-melanin complex has been hypothesized. Amiodarone may also cause cutaneous hyperpigmentation and lamellar lysosomal inclusion bodies have been demonstrated within the cells of multiple organ systems. These lamellar bodies are believed to be the product of an amiodarone-induced phospholipid storage disorder. We performed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDXA) on tissue samples from patients treated with these drugs, attempting to detect the sulfur atom of chlorpromazine and the iodine atom of amiodarone within their respective inclusion bodies.A skin biopsy from a patient with hyperpigmentation due to prolonged chlorpromazine therapy was fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde and processed without osmium tetroxide or en bloc uranyl acetate for Epon embedding.

Acetaminophen: Neonatal hepatotoxicity due to late pregnancy exposure

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
G.A. Miranda ◽  
M.A. Arroyo ◽  
C.A. Lucio ◽  
M. Mongeotti ◽  
S.S. Poolsawat
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Neonatal Liver ◽  
Childbearing Women

Exposure to drugs and toxic chemicals, during late pregnancy, is a common occurrence in childbearing women. Some studies have reported that more than 90% of pregnant women use at least 1 prescription; of this, 60% used more than one. Another study indicated that 80% of the consumed drugs were not prescribed, and of this figure, 95% were “over-the-counter” drugs. Acetaminophen, the safest of all over-the-counter drugs, has been reported to induce fetal liver necrosis in man and animals and to have abortifacient and embryocidal action in mice. This study examines the degree to which acetaminophen affects the neonatal liver and kidney, when a fatty diet is simultaneously fed to the mother during late pregnancy.Timed Swiss Webster female mice were gavaged during late pregnancy (days 16-19) with fat suspended acetaminophen at a high dose, HD = 84.50 mg/kg, and a low dose, LD = 42.25 mg/kg; a control group received fat alone.

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