The deflocculating effect of chloride salts (ions) on Clostridium acetobutylicum grown in continuous cultures

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Fick ◽  
Jean-Marc Engasser
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Acetobutylicum ◽  
Continuous Cultures ◽  
Chloride Salts

Anaerobic Semi-Continuous Culture Biodegradation of Dichlorophenols Containing an Ortho Chlorine

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Hrudey ◽  
E. Knettig ◽  
P.M. Fedorak ◽  
S.A. Daignault
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Chlorine Atom ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Continuous Cultures ◽  
Complete Mineralization

Abstract Rapid and preferential dechlorination of the ortho chlorine from 2,6-, 2,4- and 2,3- dichlorophenol substrates was observed in semi-continuous cultures inoculated with 50% unacclimated anaerobic sludge. The rate of further dechlorination depended on the position of the second chlorine atom. The dechlorination rates for the second chlorine ranked ortho > para > meta. Complete mineralization to methane was only observed in cultures fed 2,6-dichlorophenol. Addition of activated carbon to the anaerobic cultures showed some benefit to the degradation process.

Resistance to Synthetic Seawater Aggression of Clay Ceramics Incorporated with an Ornamental Stone Residue

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo de Castro Xavier ◽  
Jonas Alexandre ◽  
Paulo César de Almeida Maia ◽  
Fernando Saboya Albuquerque ◽  
Leonardo Gonçalves Pedroti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Synthetic Seawater ◽  
Internal Expansion ◽  
Ornamental Stone ◽  
Clay Ceramics ◽  
Chloride Salts

Clay ceramic materials exposed to a marine environment may be subjected to complete degradation due to the presence of chloride salts in the air. The exposition allows the chloride to penetrate in structural pores causing an internal expansion, which eventually split the ceramic apart. In open air, the solar radiation as well as the rain and wind contribute to accelerate the degradation process. In the present work the laboratory assisted degradation of clay ceramics incorporated with a granite residue from ornamental stone processing was evaluated by synthetic seawater aggression according to standard procedure. The amount of incorporated residues, up to 10 wt % and the ceramic firing temperature, up to 900°C, were variable conditions statistically analyzed by factorial planning. Degradation wetting-drying tests were conducted up to 6 months. The results showed that the linear shrinkage of the residue-free ceramics do not stabilize during the test period for any firing temperature. By contrast, the residue-incorporated ceramics tend to stabilize after 4 months. In addition, a decrease in water absorption and flexural strength was observed in same speciemens.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document