Stabilizing Plutonium oxide material containing Chloride salts at PFP

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A JONES
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Material ◽  
Chloride Salts

Resistance to Synthetic Seawater Aggression of Clay Ceramics Incorporated with an Ornamental Stone Residue

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo de Castro Xavier ◽  
Jonas Alexandre ◽  
Paulo César de Almeida Maia ◽  
Fernando Saboya Albuquerque ◽  
Leonardo Gonçalves Pedroti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Synthetic Seawater ◽  
Internal Expansion ◽  
Ornamental Stone ◽  
Clay Ceramics ◽  
Chloride Salts

Clay ceramic materials exposed to a marine environment may be subjected to complete degradation due to the presence of chloride salts in the air. The exposition allows the chloride to penetrate in structural pores causing an internal expansion, which eventually split the ceramic apart. In open air, the solar radiation as well as the rain and wind contribute to accelerate the degradation process. In the present work the laboratory assisted degradation of clay ceramics incorporated with a granite residue from ornamental stone processing was evaluated by synthetic seawater aggression according to standard procedure. The amount of incorporated residues, up to 10 wt % and the ceramic firing temperature, up to 900°C, were variable conditions statistically analyzed by factorial planning. Degradation wetting-drying tests were conducted up to 6 months. The results showed that the linear shrinkage of the residue-free ceramics do not stabilize during the test period for any firing temperature. By contrast, the residue-incorporated ceramics tend to stabilize after 4 months. In addition, a decrease in water absorption and flexural strength was observed in same speciemens.

scholarly journals Thermochemical Energy Storage Performance Analysis of (Fe,Co,Mn)Ox Mixed Metal Oxides

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Yabibal Getahun Dessie ◽  
Qi Hong ◽  
Bachirou Guene Lougou ◽  
Juqi Zhang ◽  
Boshu Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Redox Reaction ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Oxygen Exchange ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Oxide Material ◽  
Oxide Materials ◽  
Uptake Ratio

Metal oxide materials are known for their ability to store thermochemical energy through reversible redox reactions. Metal oxides provide a new category of materials with exceptional performance in terms of thermochemical energy storage, reaction stability and oxygen-exchange and uptake capabilities. However, these characteristics are predicated on the right combination of the metal oxide candidates. In this study, metal oxide materials consisting of pure oxides, like cobalt(II) oxide, manganese(II) oxide, and iron(II, III) oxide (Fe3O4), and mixed oxides, such as (100 wt.% CoO, 100 wt.% Fe3O4, 100 wt.% CoO, 25 wt.% MnO + 75 wt.% CoO, 75 wt.% MnO + 25 wt.% CoO) and 50 wt.% MnO + 50.wt.% CoO), which was subjected to a two-cycle redox reaction, was proposed. The various mixtures of metal oxide catalysts proposed were investigated through the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The effect of argon (Ar) and oxygen (O2) at different gas flow rates (20, 30, and 50 mL/min) and temperature at thermal charging step and thermal discharging step (30–1400 °C) during the redox reaction were investigated. It was revealed that on the overall, 50 wt.% MnO + 50 wt.% CoO oxide had the most stable thermal stability and oxygen exchange to uptake ratio (0.83 and 0.99 at first and second redox reaction cycles, respectively). In addition, 30 mL/min Ar–20 mL/min O2 gas flow rate further increased the proposed (Fe,Co,Mn)Ox mixed oxide catalyst’s cyclic stability and oxygen uptake ratio. SEM revealed that the proposed (Fe,Co,Mn)Ox material had a smooth surface and consisted of polygonal-shaped structures. Thus, the proposed metallic oxide material can effectively be utilized for high-density thermochemical energy storage purposes. This study is of relevance to the power engineering industry and academia.

scholarly journals Steam Reforming of Chloroform-Ethyl Acetate Mixture to Syngas over Ni-Cu Based Catalysts

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Chenghua Xu ◽  
Yuhao Zheng ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Zhiyong Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Mixed Oxide Catalysts ◽  
Reforming Catalysts ◽  
Acidic Sites ◽  
Chlorine Poisoning ◽  
Catalytic Stability ◽  
Nickel Species ◽  
Chloride Salts

NiCuMoLaAl mixed oxide catalysts are prepared and applied in the steam reforming of chloroform-ethyl acetate (CHCl3-EA) mixture to syngas in the present work. The pre-introduction of Cl- ions using chloride salts as modifiers aims to improve the chlorine poisoning resistance. Catalytic tests show that KCl modification is obviously advantageous to increase the catalytic life. The destruction of catalyst structure induced by in situ produced HCl and carbon deposits that occurred on acidic sites are two key points for deactivation of reforming catalysts. The presence of Cl− ions gives rise to the formation of an Ni-Cu alloy, which exhibits a synergetic effect on catalyzing reforming along with metallic Ni crystals formed from excess nickel species, and giving an excellent catalytic stability. Less CHCl3 and more steam can also increase the catalytic stable time of KCl-modified NiCuMoLaAl reforming catalyst.

scholarly journals Thermal and Transport Properties of Molten Chloride Salts with Polarization Effect on Microstructure

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Lu ◽  
Senfeng Yang ◽  
Gechuanqi Pan ◽  
Jing Ding ◽  
Shule Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Polarization Effect ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Coulombic Interaction ◽  
Molten Chloride ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Local Structures ◽  
Property Data ◽  
Chloride Salts ◽  
And Storage

Molten chloride salt is recognized as a promising heat transfer and storage medium in concentrating solar power in recent years, but there is a serious lack for thermal property data of molten chloride salts. In this work, local structures and thermal properties for molten chloride salt—including NaCl, MgCl2, and ZnCl2—were precisely simulated by Born–Mayer–Huggins (BMH) potential in a rigid ion model (RIM) and a polarizable ion model (PIM). Compared with experimental data, distances between cations, densities, and heat capacities of molten chloride slats calculated from PIM agree remarkably better than those from RIM. The polarization effect brings an extra contribution to screen large repulsive Coulombic interaction of cation–cation, and then it makes shorter distance between cations, larger density and lower heat capacity. For NaCl, MgCl2, and ZnCl2, PIM simulation deviations of distances between cations are respectively 3.8%, 3.7%, and 0.3%. The deviations of density and heat capacity for NaCl between PIM simulation and experiments are only 0.6% and 2.2%, and those for MgCl2 and ZnCl2 are 0.7–10.7%. As the temperature rises, the distance between cations increases and the structure turns into loose state, so the density and thermal conductivity decrease, while the ionic self-diffusion coefficient increases, which also agree well with the experimental results.

scholarly journals Metal(II) Coordination Polymers from Tetracarboxylate Linkers: Synthesis, Structures, and Catalytic Cyanosilylation of Benzaldehydes

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Yu Li ◽  
Chumin Liang ◽  
Xunzhong Zou ◽  
Jinzhong Gu ◽  
Marina V. Kirillova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Polycarboxylic Acid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Trimethylsilyl Cyanide ◽  
Effect Of Solvent ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Chloride Salts

Three 2D coordination polymers, [Cu2(µ4-dpa)(bipy)2(H2O)]n∙6nH2O (1), [Mn2(µ6-dpa)(bipy)2]n (2), and [Zn2(µ4-dpa)(bipy)2(H2O)2]n·2nH2O (3), were prepared by a hydrothermal method using metal(II) chloride salts, 3-(2′,4′-dicarboxylphenoxy)phthalic acid (H4dpa) as a linker, as well as 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) as a crystallization mediator. Compounds 1–3 were obtained as crystalline solids and fully characterized. The structures of 1–3 were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing 2D metal-organic networks of sql, 3,6L66, and hcb topological types. Thermal stability and catalytic behavior of 1–3 were also studied. In particular, zinc(II) coordination polymer 3 functions as a highly active and recoverable heterogeneous catalyst in the mild cyanosilylation of benzaldehydes with trimethylsilyl cyanide to give cyanohydrin derivatives. The influence of various parameters was investigated, including a time of reaction, a loading of catalyst and its recycling, an effect of solvent type, and a substrate scope. As a result, up to 93% product yields were attained in a catalyst recoverable and reusable system when exploring 4-nitrobenzaldehyde as a model substrate. This study contributes to widening the types of multifunctional polycarboxylic acid linkers for the design of novel coordination polymers with notable applications in heterogeneous catalysis.

Corrosion behavior of carburized 316 stainless steel in molten chloride salts

Solar Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sen Ren ◽  
Yanjun Chen ◽  
Xiang-Xi Ye ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
Shuai Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Molten Chloride ◽  
316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Chloride Salts
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