Localization of cells producing thyroid stimulating hormone in the pituitary gland of the domestic drake

1979 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Sharp ◽  
R.B. Chiasson ◽  
M.M. El Tounsy ◽  
H. Klandorf ◽  
W.J. Radke
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Posttraumatic Anterior Hypopituitarism—Revisited: The Role of TRH Provocative Release of Prolactin in the Confirmation of Anterior Pituitary Damage

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-950
Author(s):  
David R. Brown ◽  
J. Michael McMillin
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Pituitary Insufficiency ◽  
Closed Head Trauma ◽  
One Year ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

We have previously reported a case of anterior pituitary insufficiency in a 14-year-old girl following closed head trauma.1 Endocrine evaluation one year after her accident revealed hypopituitarism manifested by cachexia, hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, and hypoadrenocorticism. Laboratory studies demonstrated deficiencies of adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone, and gonadotropic hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone). We postulated that her hypopituitarism was due to anterior pituitary gland destruction rather than stalk section or hypothalamic damage. We have recently measured her serum prolactin concentrations following provocative stimulation with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and these results strengthen the evidence for direct anterior pituitary gland destruction and provide a more complete delineation of her endocrinologic function.

Development of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Beta Subunit-Producing Cells in the Chicken Embryonic Pituitary Gland

2004 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Nakamura ◽  
Atushi Iwasawa ◽  
Hinako Kidokoro ◽  
Masazumi Komoda ◽  
Jun Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Beta Subunit ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

EFFECT OF MORPHINE ON THE RELEASE OF THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE STIMULATED BY EXPOSURE TO COLD, THYROIDECTOMY AND THE ADMINISTRATION OF THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE IN MALE RATS

1980 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKAMURA MURAKI ◽  
TERUO NAKADATE ◽  
YUKIKO TOKUNAGA ◽  
RYUICHI KATO
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Serum Tsh ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Morphine reduced the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) which was stimulated by exposure to cold and by thyroidectomy as well as reducing the basal level of TSH in the serum of male rats. The inhibitory effect of morphine was antagonized by naloxone which did not enhance the basal or cold-induced TSH release. Pretreatment with morphine did not reduce the release of TSH induced by exogenous thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) but enhanced it. This effect of morphine was also antagonized by naloxone. The above results suggested that the effect of morphine in reducing levels of serum TSH was not mediated by blocking the effect of TRH on the anterior pituitary gland, but that it was probably mediated by the inhibition of the release of TRH.

SOME EFFECTS OF MAMMALIAN THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE, ELASMOBRANCH PITUITARY GLAND EXTRACTS AND TEMPERATURE ON THYROIDAL ACTIVITY IN NEWLY HATCHED DOGFISH (SCYLIORHINUS CANICULUS)

1961 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. DENT ◽  
J. M. DODD
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Iodine Metabolism ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY 1. Groups of recently hatched dogfish (Scyliorhinus caniculus) were given a series of injections of mammalian thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) at three dose levels, or of aqueous extracts of each of the three lobes of the adult elasmobranch pituitary gland. Control animals received injections of distilled water or extract of adult brain. The uptake of 131I by the thyroid was measured subsequent to the injections and the histology of the thyroid was studied. The experiments were conducted over a range of temperatures, thus producing data on the effect of temperature variation on thyroidal activity. 2. The uptake of 131I by the thyroid gland is very markedly enhanced by a high dose of mammalian TSH (1·00 i.u.) and is significantly increased by an intermediate dose (0·10 i.u. TSH). Enhancement by a very low dose (0·01 i.u. TSH) is doubtful, the observed increase in uptake of 131I being significant only at the 10% level. The highest dose also accelerated folliculogenesis and induced hyperplastic changes in the thyroid. 3. There were indications that the extract of the ventral lobe of the adult elasmobranch pituitary contains a thyroid-stimulating principle. 4. The rate of iodine metabolism increases directly with the temperature over the range 8·6–13·6° C.

scholarly journals BODY IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS OF PREGNANT AND NEWLY-CALVED COWS

REPORTS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 335 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
V.G. Semenov ◽  
V.G. Tyurin ◽  
D.A. Baimukanov ◽  
E.P. Simurzina ◽  
S.G. Kondruchina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
The Body ◽  
Macrophage Receptors ◽  
Service Period ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The research was performed to identify the most effective bio immunostimulant. We used PS-2 and Prevention-N-E biologicals developed on the basis of the Chuvash State Agrarian University, as well as widely used in veterinary practice - PDE and E-selenium. Injection of PS-2 and Prevention-NE preparations to dry cows at a dose of 10.0 ml three times 45-40, 25-20 and 15-10 days before calving, as well as PDE and E-selenium at a dose of 20.0 and 10.0 ml 20 days before calving, respectively, prevents postpartum diseases. The mechanism of action of the PS-2 and Prevention-N-E drugs developed and tested by us is manifested, first of all, due to the consecutive processes of macrophage activation, as a result of the action of polysaccharide corpuscles and drug components on macrophage receptors. Secondly, information from the receptors of macrophages and chemoreceptors is transmitted along the afferent pathway to the cerebral cortex, then the signals go to the hypothalamus, which leads to liberin secretion by the nuclei of the ashen tuber of the hypothalamus. Liberins, in turn, increase the release of hormones by the anterior pituitary gland - the adenohypophysis. The anterior pituitary gland releases tropic hormones: somatotropic hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, etc. These hormones are involved in metabolic processes in the body. Under the influence of preparations, in cows the time of membranes sweep was reduced, the risk of uterus subinvolution and endometritis decreased. In cows, the timing of the onset of estrus, the insemination rate, and the service period were shortened, and the conception rate increased in one estrus. In such a way, against the background of the use of biologicals with the help of nonspecific adaptive reactions, the body retains the relative constancy of the internal environment necessary for life - homeostasis, and it actively resists the adverse effects of the external environment, increasing its phylactic power. Consequently, new opportunities are opening up for the implementation of the reproductive and productive qualities of cattle due to the body immunoprophylaxis with complex biological products of a new generation.

Pituitary tumours

2019 ◽  
pp. 299-320
Author(s):  
Kanna Gnanalingham ◽  
Zsolt Zador ◽  
Tara Kearney ◽  
Federico Roncaroli ◽  
H. Rao Gattamaneni
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The pituitary gland occupies the sella turcica, approximately 5 cm posterior to the tip of the nose in the midline of the skull base. It is closely related to the hypothalamus and third ventricle superiorly, chiasm and lamina terminalis anterosuperiorly, sphenoid sinus anteroinferiorly, cavernous sinus and cavernous segment of the carotid artery laterally, the posterior clinoids and clivus posteriorly. There are two distinct components to the pituitary gland, the anterior and posterior lobe, which are derived from the ectoderm and neuroectoderm, respectively. The anterior pituitary constitutes 80% of the gland mass and in the horizontal plane it is distributed into two lateral wings. The hormones produced by the anterior pituitary are adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. This chapter looks in detail at the role of the pituitary gland, what happens when it becomes tumorous, and the recommended treatment avenues.

scholarly journals Molecular basis for regulating seasonal reproduction in vertebrates

2016 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
pp. R117-R127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taeko Nishiwaki-Ohkawa ◽  
Takashi Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Adaptive Behaviors ◽  
Seasonal Reproduction ◽  
Pars Tuberalis ◽  
Light Detection ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Animals that inhabit mid- to high-latitude regions exhibit various adaptive behaviors, such as migration, reproduction, molting and hibernation in response to seasonal cues. These adaptive behaviors are tightly regulated by seasonal changes in photoperiod, the relative day length vs night length. Recently, the regulatory pathway of seasonal reproduction has been elucidated using quail. In birds, deep brain photoreceptors receive and transmit light information to the pars tuberalis in the pituitary gland, which induces the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Thyroid-stimulating hormone locally activates thyroid hormone via induction of type 2 deiodinase in the mediobasal hypothalamus. Thyroid hormone then induces morphological changes in the terminals of neurons that express gonadotropin-releasing hormone and facilitates gonadotropin secretion from the pituitary gland. In mammals, light information is received by photoreceptors in the retina and neurally transmitted to the pineal gland, where it inhibits the synthesis and secretion of melatonin, which is crucial for seasonal reproduction. Importantly, the signaling pathway downstream of light detection and signaling is fully conserved between mammals and birds. In fish, the regulatory components of seasonal reproduction are integrated, from light detection to neuroendocrine output, in a fish-specific organ called the saccus vasculosus. Various physiological processes in humans are also influenced by seasonal environmental changes. The findings discussed herein may provide clues to addressing human diseases, such as seasonal affective disorder.

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