The effects of aging on phosphofructokinase induction during lymphocyte mitogenesis in relation to DNA and protein synthesis

1987 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
TrygveO. Tollefsboll ◽  
HarveyJay Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
Lymphocyte Mitogenesis ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Cellular DNA and protein synthesis in reovirus-infected L cells

Virology ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Ensminger ◽  
Igor Tamm
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Dna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
Cellular Dna

Effects of albumin-bilirubin complexes with syngeneic or allogeneic albumin on DNA and protein synthesis in liver and spleen of partially hepatectomized rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Yu Abakumova ◽  
Ludmila M. Fedorova ◽  
Andrey A. Popov ◽  
Vladimir S. Li ◽  
Susanna L. Arkhangelskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dna And Protein Synthesis

L-methionine uptake, incorporation and effects on proliferative activity and protein synthesis in bovine claw tissue explants in vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. HEPBURN ◽  
C. H. KNIGHT ◽  
C. J. WILDE ◽  
K. A. K. HENDRY ◽  
H. GALBRAITH
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Regulation Of Proliferation ◽  
Methionine Uptake ◽  
Dna And Protein Synthesis

SUMMARYL-methionine is a sulphur-containing nutritionally essential amino acid. It has a number of important roles in epidermal and dermal tissues of the integument of animals. Failure of normal function of these tissues in the hoof (claw) is a cause of lameness in cattle. Little is known about quantitative relationships between post-absorptive concentrations of nutrients including sulphur-containing amino acids and uptake and utilization by epidermis and dermis of the bovine claw. These parameters were studied at the tissue level by use of an established in vitro claw explant system using tissue from cattle of beef or dairy origin and L-[35S]-labelled methionine as tracer. The results showed that uptake of L-methionine by freshly prepared solear explants in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium/F-12 Nutrient Mix (DMEM/F12) (1:1) medium containing 1·0 mmol L-methionine/litre was concentrative after 5–8 min, essentially linear for up to 10 min and became curvilinear thereafter. Maximum uptake and steady state conditions were obtained at approximately 30 min. Further measurements were made following 21 h incubation in culture medium. Under conditions of varying concentrations of L-methionine and measurement of uptake after 30 min, the presence of a saturable curve, that obeyed Michaelis–Menten kinetics, was demonstrated. Values of 3·61 mmol/litre and 5·84 mmol/kg intracellular water/30 min were obtained for KM and Vmax, respectively. Uptake was not influenced by L-cysteine and L-cystine concentrations in the culture media.Similar culture and incubation conditions were used in subsequent studies of DNA and protein synthesis. These showed that rates of incorporation of L-methionine into protein fractions and stimulation of DNA synthesis measured by methyl-thymidine incorporation were dependent on L-methionine concentrations in the medium. Maximal rates occurred at approximately 50 μmol/litre, which is in the normal physiological range, and at 1% of maximum uptake capacity. Examination of histological sections by autoradiography showed localization of L-[35S]-labelled methionine in basal and suprabasal epidermal cells with limited retention in dermis. Measurement, by a range of histological, immunohistochemical, electrophoretic, western blotting and autoradiographic techniques, provided further evidence of L-methionine-dependent regulation of proliferation, differentiation and synthesis of proteins under physiological concentrations, by epidermal horn-forming cells.A key role for L-methionine is suggested in the production of horn in bovine claw. The extrapolation of these in vitro data provides guidance for strategies to optimize methionine supply to claw tissues in vivo. Such extrapolation suggests the appropriateness of delivery of systemic concentrations of 50 μmol L-methionine/litre to maximize proliferative and protein depositional activity in solear epidermis and dermis in vivo.

Protein Metabolism and Age: Influence of Insulin and Resistance Exercise

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (s1) ◽  
pp. S150-S163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Availability ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Skeletal muscle proteins are constantly being synthesized and degraded, and the net balance between synthesis and degradation determines the resultant muscle mass. Biochemical pathways that control protein synthesis are complex, and the following must be considered: gene transcription, mRNA splicing, and transport to the cytoplasm; specific amino acyl-tRNA, messenger (mRNA), ribosomal (rRNA) availability; amino acid availability within the cell; the hormonal milieu; rates of mRNA translation; packaging in vesicles for some types of proteins; and post-translational processing such as glycation and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Each of these processes is responsive to the need for greater or lesser production of new proteins, and many states such as sepsis, uncontrolled diabetes, prolonged bed-rest, aging, chronic alcohol treatment, and starvation cause marked reductions in rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis. In contrast, acute and chronic resistance exercise cause elevations in rates of muscle protein synthesis above rates found in nondiseased rested organisms, which are normally fed. Resistance exercise may be unique in this capacity. This chapter focuses on studies that have used exercise to elucidate mechanisms that explain elevations in rates of protein synthesis. Very few studies have investigated the effects of aging on these mechanisms; however, the literature that is available is reviewed.

In Vitro Evaluation of Plasticizer Activity on the Growth and Metabolism of Chick Embryo Fibroblasts and on the Development of Chick Embryo Lungs

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Stabellini ◽  
O Fiocchi ◽  
A Pellati ◽  
A Caruso
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Cytostatic Effect ◽  
Dna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
Embryo Fibroblasts ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

Administration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) to primary cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts brought about a decrease in cell proliferation rate after 48 h and an inhibition of both DNA and protein synthesis measured by [3H]thymidine and [3H]leucine, respectively, after 48h. The growth of chick embryo lung rudiments in vitro was also depressed by DEHP treatment. Lung rudiment were smaller in DEHP-treated embryos after 6 days' treatment. These results indicate that DEHP has a cytostatic effect on embryonic cells and tissues. L'administration de di(2-éthylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) à des cultures primaires de fibroblastes d'embryon de poulet a provoqué une diminution du taux de prolifération cellulaire après 48 heures et une inhibition de la synthèse à la fois d'ADN et de protéines mesurée, respectivement, par [3H]thymidine et [3H]leucine après 48 h. La croissance des ébauches pulmonaires de l'embryon de poulet in vitro a également été abaissée par le traitement DEHP. Les ébauches pulmonaires étaient plus petites dans les embryons traités au DEHP après un traitement de 6 jours. Ces résultats indiquent que le DEHP a un effet cytostatique sur les cellules et tissus embryonnaires.

DNA and protein synthesis in normal and transformed lymphocytes exposed to abrin

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Bennett ◽  
A.B. Glassman ◽  
Matthew Witten
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dna And Protein Synthesis
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