Scaling of the metrics of visually-guided arm movements during motor learning in primates

1991 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.L. Ojakangas ◽  
T.J. Ebner
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Visually Guided

scholarly journals Neuronal Activity Related to the Visual Representation of Arm Movements in the Lateral Cerebellar Cortex

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 1223-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuguang Liu ◽  
Edwin Robertson ◽  
R. Christopher Miall
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Increased Activity

Testing the hypothesis that the lateral cerebellum forms a sensory representation of arm movements, we investigated cortical neuronal activity in two monkeys performing visually guided step-tracking movements with a manipulandum. A virtual target and cursor image were viewed co-planar with the manipulandum. In the normal task, manipulandum and cursor moved in the same direction; in the mirror task, the cursor was left-right reversed. In one monkey, 70- and 200-ms time delays were introduced on cursor movement. Significant task-related activity was recorded in 31 cells in one animal and 142 cells in the second: 10.2% increased activity before arm movements onset, 77.1% during arm movement, and 12.7% after the new position was reached. To test for neural representation of the visual outcome of movement, firing rate modulation was compared in normal and mirror step-tracking. Most task-related neurons (68%) showed no significant directional modulation. Of 70 directionally sensitive cells, almost one-half ( n = 34, 48%) modulated firing with a consistent cursor movement direction, many fewer responding to the manipulandum direction ( n = 9, 13%). For those “cursor-related” cells tested with delayed cursor movement, increased activity onset was time-locked to arm movement and not cursor movement, but activation duration was extended by an amount similar to the applied delay. Hence, activity returned to baseline about when the delayed cursor reached the target. We conclude that many cells in the lateral cerebellar cortex signaled the direction of cursor movement during active step-tracking. Such a predictive representation of the arm movement could be used in the guidance of visuo-motor actions.

Reference frame conversions for visually-guided arm movements

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-933
Author(s):  
G. U. Sorrento ◽  
D. Y. P. Herniques
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Visually Guided

Neuronal activity in the claustrum of the monkey during performance of multiple movements

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 2115-2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shima ◽  
E. Hoshi ◽  
J. Tanji
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Histological Confirmation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

1. We studied neuronal activity in the claustrum of monkeys during performance of three different arm movements. We verified recording sites of claustral neurons by histological confirmation of microlesions. For the sake of comparison, we also recorded from the arm area of the precentral motor cortex (MI). Selection of the movements was either visually guided or determined by memorized information. 2. A striking property of claustral neurons is their nonselective relation to the three movements (push, pull, and turn a manipulandum). A vast majority (70%) of movement-related neurons exhibited increase of discharge in relation to all three movements, whereas only 16% were active in relation to one of the three movements. By contrast, about one-half of neurons in the MI were active in relation to a single movement. In both areas, the movement-related activity was similar regardless of whether the movements were selected by visual signals or by memory. 3. The study is the first to reveal involvement of claustral neurons in motor execution, and their activity property suggests that the way they are involved is different from that of MI neurons.

scholarly journals Sensorimotor Robotic Measures of tDCS- and HD-tDCS-Enhanced Motor Learning in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauran Cole ◽  
Sean P. Dukelow ◽  
Adrianna Giuffre ◽  
Alberto Nettel-Aguirre ◽  
Megan J. Metzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Sensorimotor Function ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Direction Error ◽  
Visually Guided Reaching ◽  
The Right

Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) enhances motor learning in adults. We have demonstrated that anodal tDCS and high-definition (HD) tDCS of the motor cortex can enhance motor skill acquisition in children, but behavioral mechanisms remain unknown. Robotics can objectively quantify complex sensorimotor functions to better understand mechanisms of motor learning. We aimed to characterize changes in sensorimotor function induced by tDCS and HD-tDCS paired motor learning in children within an interventional trial. Healthy, right-handed children (12–18 y) were randomized to anodal tDCS, HD-tDCS, or sham targeting the right primary motor cortex during left-hand Purdue pegboard test (PPT) training over five consecutive days. A KINARM robotic protocol quantifying proprioception, kinesthesia, visually guided reaching, and an object hit task was completed at baseline, posttraining, and six weeks later. Effects of the treatment group and training on changes in sensorimotor parameters were explored. Twenty-four children (median 15.5 years, 52% female) completed all measures. Compared to sham, both tDCS and HD-tDCS demonstrated enhanced motor learning with medium effect sizes. At baseline, multiple KINARM measures correlated with PPT performance. Following training, visually guided reaching in all groups was faster and required less corrective movements in the trained arm (H(2) = 9.250,p=0.010). Aspects of kinesthesia including initial direction error improved across groups with sustained effects at follow-up (H(2) = 9.000,p=0.011). No changes with training or stimulation were observed for position sense. For the object hit task, the HD-tDCS group moved more quickly with the right hand compared to sham at posttraining (χ2(2) = 6.255,p=0.044). Robotics can quantify complex sensorimotor function within neuromodulator motor learning trials in children. Correlations with PPT performance suggest that KINARM metrics can assess motor learning effects. Understanding how tDCS and HD-tDCS enhance motor learning may be improved with robotic outcomes though specific mechanisms remain to be defined. Exploring mechanisms of neuromodulation may advance therapeutic approaches in children with cerebral palsy and other disabilities.

Command of visually guided 3D arm movements by the cerebral cortex

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Burnod ◽  
P. Grandguillaume ◽  
I. Otto ◽  
R. Caminiti ◽  
P. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Visually Guided

scholarly journals Adaptation motor learning of arm movements in patients with cerebellar disease.

1996 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Deuschl ◽  
C Toro ◽  
T Zeffiro ◽  
S Massaquoi ◽  
M Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Cerebellar Disease

scholarly journals Short-Term Motor Learning and Retention During Visually Guided Walking in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 648-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla McGowan ◽  
Shaila M. Gunn ◽  
Galina Vorobeychik ◽  
Daniel S. Marigold
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Short Term
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