Dynamic organization of primary motor cortex output to target muscles in adult rats I. Long-term patterns of reorganization following motor or mixed peripheral nerve lesions

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N. Sanes ◽  
S. Suner ◽  
J.P. Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Nerve Lesions ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Lesions ◽  
Dynamic Organization

scholarly journals Long-term Follow-up and Histological Correlation of Peripheral Nervous System Alterations in Neurofibromatosis Type 2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Godel ◽  
Philipp Bäumer ◽  
Said Farschtschi ◽  
Klaus Püschel ◽  
Barbara Hofstadler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type 2 ◽  
Nerve Lesions ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Lesions

Abstract Purpose To examine long-term alterations of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the peripheral nerve in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) by in vivo high-resolution magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) and their correlation to histology. Methods In this prospective study the lumbosacral DRG, the right sciatic, tibial, and peroneal nerves were examined in 6 patients diagnosed with NF2 and associated polyneuropathy (PNP) by a standardized MRN protocol at 3 T. Volumes of DRG L3–S2 as well as peripheral nerve lesions were assessed and compared to follow-up examinations after 14–100 months. In one patient, imaging findings were further correlated to histology. Results Follow-up MRN examination showed a non-significant increase of volume for the DRG L3: +0.41% (p = 0.10), L4: +22.41% (p = 0.23), L5: +3.38% (p = 0.09), S1: +10.63% (p = 0.05) and S2: +1.17% (p = 0.57). Likewise, peripheral nerve lesions were not significantly increased regarding size (2.18 mm2 vs. 2.15 mm2, p = 0.89) and number (9.00 vs. 9.33, p = 0.36). Histological analyses identified schwannomas as the major correlate of both DRG hyperplasia and peripheral nerve lesions. For peripheral nerve microlesions additionally clusters of onion-bulb formations were identified. Conclusion Peripheral nervous system alterations seem to be constant or show only a minor increase in adult NF2. Thus, symptoms of PNP may not primarily attributed to the initial schwannoma growth but to secondary long-term processes, with symptoms only occurring if a certain threshold is exceeded. Histology identified grouped areas of Schwann cell proliferations as the correlate of DRG hyperplasia, while for peripheral nerve lesions different patterns could be found.

Biphasic reorganization of somatotopy in the primary motor cortex follows facial nerve lesions in adult rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 203 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozsef Toldia ◽  
Rainer Laskawi ◽  
Michael Landgrebe ◽  
Joachim R. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Nerve Lesions

scholarly journals Peripheral Nerve Lesions in a Case of Equine Motor Neuron Disease.

1999 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidefumi Furuoka ◽  
Mituru Hasegawa ◽  
Yoshiyasu Kobayashi ◽  
Takane Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neuron Disease ◽  
Nerve Lesions ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Lesions ◽  
Equine Motor Neuron Disease

Modification of astrocytes in the spinal cord following dorsal root or peripheral nerve lesions

1990 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Murray ◽  
Shwun-De Wang ◽  
Michael E. Goldberger ◽  
Pat Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Nerve Lesions ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Lesions

Imaging of Peripheral Nerve Lesions

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Linda M. Fahr ◽  
Donald D. Sauser
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Lesions ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Lesions

Imaging of Peripheral Nerve Lesions in the Lower Limb

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Neil Simmons ◽  
David A. Lisle ◽  
James M. Linklater
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Nerve Lesions ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Lesions

scholarly journals Brain stimulation for arm recovery after stroke (B-STARS): protocol for a randomised controlled trial in subacute stroke patients

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e016566
Author(s):  
Eline C C van Lieshout ◽  
Johanna M A Visser-Meily ◽  
Sebastiaan F W Neggers ◽  
H Bart van der Worp ◽  
Rick M Dijkhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Subacute Stroke

IntroductionMany patients with stroke have moderate to severe long-term sensorimotor impairments, often including inability to execute movements of the affected arm or hand. Limited recovery from stroke may be partly caused by imbalanced interaction between the cerebral hemispheres, with reduced excitability of the ipsilesional motor cortex while excitability of the contralesional motor cortex is increased. Non-invasive brain stimulation with inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the contralesional hemisphere may aid in relieving a post-stroke interhemispheric excitability imbalance, which could improve functional recovery. There are encouraging effects of theta burst stimulation (TBS), a form of TMS, in patients with chronic stroke, but evidence on efficacy and long-term effects on arm function of contralesional TBS in patients with subacute hemiparetic stroke is lacking.Methods and analysisIn a randomised clinical trial, we will assign 60 patients with a first-ever ischaemic stroke in the previous 7–14 days and a persistent paresis of one arm to 10 sessions of real stimulation with TBS of the contralesional primary motor cortex or to sham stimulation over a period of 2 weeks. Both types of stimulation will be followed by upper limb training. A subset of patients will undergo five MRI sessions to assess post-stroke brain reorganisation. The primary outcome measure will be the upper limb function score, assessed from grasp, grip, pinch and gross movements in the action research arm test, measured at 3 months after stroke. Patients will be blinded to treatment allocation. The primary outcome at 3 months will also be assessed in a blinded fashion.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands. The results will be disseminated through (open access) peer-reviewed publications, networks of scientists, professionals and the public, and presented at conferences.Trial registration numberNTR6133

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