Allozyme marker loci associated with favorable alleles for grain yield in maize

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-522
Author(s):  
D. Mišević ◽  
I. Gerić ◽  
B. Tadić
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
Allozyme Marker ◽  
Marker Loci

scholarly journals Genetic control of soybean earliness and yield through the Hayman methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
André Ricardo Gomes Bezerra ◽  
Tuneo Sediyama ◽  
Cosme Damião Cruz ◽  
Felipe Lopes da Silva ◽  
Pedro Crescêncio Souza Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Maturation Time ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
F1 Generation

The understanding of the genetic control involved in characters of agronomic interest is of extreme importance to breeders aiming at planning procedures for breeding programs. Thus, the objective of this work was to study genetic aspects related to earliness and grain yield found in the initial generations of soybean, twice each year. The study evaluated six soybean parentes (MSOY6101, RSF6563IPRO, TMG123RR, SYN9078RR, TMG801 and MSOY9144RR) and their 15 F1´s in a greenhouse, during winter and summer. A second experiment conducted at Prof. Diogo Alves de Melo experimental field, located on the UFV campus, in Vicosa-MG, during the 2014/2015 agricultural year assessed parents and their segregating populations (F2). In all experiments, information were collected from individual plants. Results showed that both additive and dominance effects were important for the genetic control of soybean earliness and grain yield. Number of days to flowering and maturation and grain yield for the F1 and F2 generations, in winter and summer, is determined by dominant alleles. In regards to the studied characters, there was partial dominance mainly for the F1 generation and overdominance for the F2 generation. Parents MSOY6101 and RSF6563IPRO showed greater concentration of favorable alleles for flowering and maturation time reduction, and parents TMG123RR and SYN9078RR for grain yield. Parents TMG801 and MSOY9144RR gave the best contribution to cycle retardation for the F2 generation.

Changes in allele frequencies in landraces, old and modern barley cultivars of marker loci close to QTL for grain yield under high and low input conditions

Euphytica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pswarayi ◽  
F. A. van Eeuwijk ◽  
S. Ceccarelli ◽  
S. Grando ◽  
J. Comadran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Marker Loci

Quantitative genetic analysis of grain yield in an Australian Brassica napus doubled-haploid population

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosy Raman ◽  
Simon Diffey ◽  
Jason Carling ◽  
Ray B. Cowley ◽  
Andrzej Kilian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Marker Loci ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Dh Lines

High yield is a major objective in canola-breeding programs. We analysed the genetic determinants controlling variation in grain yield in a doubled-haploid (DH) breeding population derived from a single BC1F1 plant from the cross Skipton/Ag-Spectrum//Skipton (designated as the SAgS population). DH lines were evaluated for flowering time and yield in two replicated trials and exhibited significant genetic variation for both traits. Yield showed negative correlation with flowering time; lines that flowered earlier had higher yield than late-flowering lines. A genetic linkage map comprising 7716 DArTseq markers was constructed for the SAgS population, and a ‘bin’ map based on 508 discrete single-position (non-co-segregating) marker loci was used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. We identified 20 QTLs (LOD ≥2) associated with variation in flowering time and grain yield. Two QTLs (Qy.wwai-A7/Qdtf.wwai-A7/Qfs.wwai-A7 and Qy.wwai-C3a/Qfs.wwai-C3a) appeared repeatedly across experiments, accounting for 4.9–19% of the genotypic variation in flowering time and yield and were located on chromosomes A07 and C03. We identified 22 putative candidate genes for flowering time as well as grain yield, and all were located in a range of 935 bp to 2.97 Mb from markers underlying QTLs. This research provides useful information to be used for breeding high-yielding canola varieties by combining favourable alleles for early flowering and higher grain yield at loci on chromosomes A07, C03 and possibly on A06.

scholarly journals Understanding grain yield: it is a journey, not a destination

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S77-S84 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S. Baenziger ◽  
I. Dweikat ◽  
K. Gill ◽  
K. Eskridge ◽  
T. Berke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Additive Gene

Approximately 20 years ago, we began our efforts to understand grain yield in winter wheat using chromosome substitution lines between Cheyenne (CNN) and Wichita (WI). We found that two chromosome substitutions, 3A and 6A, greatly affected grain yield. CNN(WI3A) and CNN(WI6A) had 15 to 20% higher grain yield than CNN, whereas WI(CNN3A) and WI(CNN6A) had 15 to 20% lower grain yield than WI. The differences in grain yield are mainly expressed in higher yielding environments (e.g. eastern Nebraska) indicating genotype by environment interactions (G × E). In studies using hybrid wheat, the gene action for grain yield on these chromosomes was found to be mainly controlled by additive gene action. In subsequent studies, we developed recombinant inbred chromosome lines (RICLs) using monosomics or doubled haploids. In extensive studies we found that two regions on 3A affect grain yield in the CNN(RICLs-3A) with the positive QTLs coming from WI. In WI(RICLs-3A), we found a main region on 3A that affected grain yield with the negative QTL coming from CNN. The 3A region identified using WI(RICLs-3A) coincided with one of the regions previously identified in CNN(RICLs-3A). As expected the QTLs have their greatest effect in higher-yielding environments and also exhibit QTL × E. Using molecular markers on chromosomes 3A and 6A, the favorable alleles on 3A in Wichita may be from Turkey Red, the original hard red winter wheat in the Great Plains and presumably the original source of the favorable alleles. Cheyenne, a selection from Crimea, did not have the favorable alleles. In studying modern cultivars, many high yielding cultivars adapted to eastern Nebraska have the WI-allele indicating that it was selected for in breeding higher yielding cultivars. However, some modern cultivars adapted to western Nebraska where the QTL has less effect retain the CNN-allele, presumably because the allele has less effect (is less important in improving grain yield). In addition many modern cultivars have neither the WI-allele, nor the CNN-allele indicating we have diversified our germplasm and new alleles have been brought into the breeding program in this region.

scholarly journals Combining yield, earliness and plant height in a single genotype: a proposal for breeding in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Larissa Pereira Ribeiro ◽  
Flávio Dessaune Tardin ◽  
Cícero Beserra de Menezes ◽  
Aisy Botega Baldoni ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Teodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
The Cross

Grain sorghum production has expanded during the off-season when rainfall oscillates and becomes insufficient. Aiming to obtain better adapted cultivars, breeding programs have sought new combinations of hybrids with earliness, high grain yield, and ideal plant height for harvesting. This study aimed to estimate de combining ability of grain sorghum lines, proposing a breeding strategy, to identify hybrids gathering high yield, earliness, and desired plant height. Thirty-six hybrids from crosses of 12 lines were evaluated at two sites in the Brazilian region known as Cerrado biome. The evaluated traits were: days to flowering, plant height, and grain yield. For the diallel analysis, Method 4 of Griffing adapted to partial diallel was adopted. By combining ability analysis, we identified promising lines to be used as parents to obtain more yielding, early, and ideal height hybrids. The findings allowed us to propose a breeding strategy, in which complex crosses should be performed to gather favorable alleles in new restorer and male-sterile lines. The hybrids 7, 9, 19, and 22 are the most suitable for growing in the evaluated sites. Highlights: Combining ability analysis allows the identification of promising parents to be used in grain sorghum breeding program. Favorable alleles for each trait are contained in different parents, which makes gene pyramiding a necessary strategy to simultaneously gathering earliness, plant height suitable for harvesting, and high yield in a single hybrid. To improve the R lines, the cross between M2 (good donor for shorter height) x M5 (good donor for earliness) should be performed, and the hybrid resulting from M2xM5 can be crossed with the M4 line (good donor for high grain yield). The hybrid generated by the cross F1-B x F4-B (high earliness) should be crossed with the hybrid derived from F6-B x F5-B (shorter height), and the hybrid resulting should be crossed with the hybrid generated by F2-B x F3-B (high grain yield).

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Study of the Genetic Basis of Effective Tiller Number in Rice

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Ren ◽  
Minghan Huang ◽  
Haiyang Qiu ◽  
Yan Chun ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Abstract Background Effective tiller number (ETN) has a pivotal role in determination of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yield. ETN is a complex quantitative trait regulated by both genetic and environmental factors. Despite multiple tillering-related genes have been cloned previously, few of them have been utilized in practical breeding programs. Results In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for ETN using a panel of 490 rice accessions derived from the 3 K rice genomes project. Thirty eight ETN-associated QTLs were identified, interestingly, four of which colocalized with the OsAAP1, DWL2, NAL1, and OsWRKY74 gene previously reported to be involved in rice tillering regulation. Haplotype (Hap) analysis revealed that Hap5 of OsAAP1, Hap3 and 6 of DWL2, Hap2 of NAL1, and Hap3 and 4 of OsWRKY74 are favorable alleles for ETN. Pyramiding favorable alleles of all these four genes had more enhancement in ETN than accessions harboring the favorable allele of only one gene. Moreover, we identified 25 novel candidate genes which might also affect ETN, and the positive association between expression levels of the OsPILS6b gene and ETN was validated by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis on data released on public database revealed that most ETN-associated genes showed a relatively high expression from 21 days after transplanting (DAT) to 49 DAT and decreased since then. This unique expression pattern of ETN-associated genes may contribute to the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth of tillers. Conclusions Our results revealed that GWAS is a feasible way to mine ETN-associated genes. The candidate genes and favorable alleles identified in this study have the potential application value in rice molecular breeding for high ETN and grain yield.

scholarly journals Genome-wide QTL mapping of yield and agronomic traits in two widely adapted winter wheat cultivars from multiple mega-environments

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12350
Author(s):  
Smit Dhakal ◽  
Xiaoxiao Liu ◽  
Chenggen Chu ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Jackie C. Rudd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
Yield Test ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Phenotypic Variations

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis could help to identify suitable molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding (MAB). A mapping population of 124 F5:7recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross ‘TAM 112’/‘TAM 111’ was grown under 28 diverse environments and evaluated for grain yield, test weight, heading date, and plant height. The objective of this study was to detect QTL conferring grain yield and agronomic traits from multiple mega-environments. Through a linkage map with 5,948 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 51 QTL were consistently identified in two or more environments or analyses. Ten QTL linked to two or more traits were also identified on chromosomes 1A, 1D, 4B, 4D, 6A, 7B, and 7D. Those QTL explained up to 13.3% of additive phenotypic variations with the additive logarithm of odds (LOD(A)) scores up to 11.2. The additive effect increased yield up to 8.16 and 6.57 g m−2 and increased test weight by 2.14 and 3.47 kg m−3 with favorable alleles from TAM 111 and TAM 112, respectively. Seven major QTL for yield and six for TW with one in common were of our interest on MAB as they explained 5% or more phenotypic variations through additive effects. This study confirmed previously identified loci and identified new QTL and the favorable alleles for improving grain yield and agronomic traits.

scholarly journals QTL Mapping and Favorable Allele Mining of Nitrogen Deficiency Tolerance Using an Interconnected Breeding Population in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congcong Shen ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
Yanru Cui ◽  
Jiantao Chen ◽  
Xuefei Mi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Normal Nitrogen ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for rice growth and development. Breeding of nitrogen deficiency tolerance (NDT) variety is considered to be the most economic measure to solve the constrain of low nitrogen stress on grain yield in rice. An interconnected breeding (IB) population of 497 lines developed using Huanghuazhan (HHZ) as the recurrent parent and eight elite lines as the donor parents were tested for five traits including grain yield, biomass, harvest index, thousand grain weight, and spikelet fertility under two nitrogen treatments in three growing seasons. Association analysis using 7,388 bins generated by sequencing identified a total of 14, 14, and 12 QTLs for the five traits under low nitrogen (LN), normal nitrogen (NN), and LN/NN conditions, respectively, across three seasons. Favorable alleles were dissected for the 40 QTLs at the 10 NDT regions, and OM1723 was considered as the most important parent with the highest frequency of favorable alleles contributing to NDT-related traits. Six superior lines all showed significantly higher GY in LN environments and similar GY under NN environments except for H10. Substitution mapping using near-isogenic introgression lines delimited the qTGW2-1, which was identified on chromosome 2 under LN, NN, and LN/NN conditions into two QTLs, which were located in the two regions of about 200 and 350 kb with different favorable alleles. The bins 16, 1301, 1465, 1486, 3464, and 6249 harbored the QTLs for NDT detected in this study, and the QTLs/genes previously identified for NDT or nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) could be used for enhancing NDT and NUE by marker-assisted selection (MAS).

scholarly journals Design III With Marker Loci

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 1437-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Clark Cockerham ◽  
Zhao-Bang Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Marker Locus ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Orthogonal Contrasts ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Marker Loci ◽  
Single Marker ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Ear Number

Abstract Design III is an experimental design originally proposed by R. E. Comstock and H. F. Robinson for estimating genetic variances and the average degree of dominance for quantitative trait loci (QTL) and has recently been extended for mapping QTL. In this paper, we first extend Comstock and Robinson's analysis of variance to include linkage, two-locus epistasis and the use of F  3 parents. Then we develop the theory and statistical analysis of orthogonal contrasts and contrast × environment interaction for a single marker locus to characterize the effects of QTL. The methods are applied to the maize data of C. W. Stuber. The analyses strongly suggest that there are multiple linked QTL in many chromosomes for several traits examined. QTL effects are largely environment-independent for grain yield, ear height, plant height and ear leaf area and largely environment dependent for days to tassel, grain moisture and ear number. There is significant QTL epistasis. The results are generally in favor of the hypothesis of dominance of favorable genes to explain the observed heterosis in grain yield and other traits, although epistasis could also play an important role and overdominance at individual QTL level can not be ruled out.

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