Projection and connectivity of sex-specific photoreceptors in the compound eye of the male housefly (Musca domestica)

SUMMARYThe visual system of a fly expresses several circadian rhythms that have been detected in the photoreceptors of the compound eye and in the first neuropile, the lamina, of the underlying optic lobe. In the lamina, axons of two classes of interneuron, L1 and L2, exhibit cyclical size changes, swelling by day and shrinking by night. These rhythmic size changes may be generated by circadian oscillators located inside and/or outside the optic lobe. To localize such oscillators, we have examined changes in the axonal cross-sectional areas of L1 and L2 within the lamina of the housefly (Musca domestica) under conditions of 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness (LD12:12), constant darkness (DD) or continuous light (LL) 24 h after the medulla was severed from the rest of the brain. After the lesion, the axon size changes of L1 and L2 were maintained only in LD conditions, but were weaker than in control flies. In DD and LL conditions, they were eliminated. This indicates that circadian rhythms in the lamina of a fly are generated central to the lamina and medulla neuropiles of the optic lobe. Cyclical changes of light and darkness in LD conditions are still able, however, to induce a weak daily rhythm in the axon sizes of L1 and L2.

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Computer Reconstruction of the Cellular Architecture of the Daphnia Magna Optic Ganglion

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100115043 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 284-285

Author(s):

E. R. Macagno ◽

C. Levinthal

Keyword(s):

Daphnia Magna ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Compound Eye ◽

Synaptic Connectivity ◽

Serial Sections ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Small Crustacean ◽

Optic Ganglion ◽

Structural Invariance ◽

High Degree

The optic ganglion of Daphnia Magna, a small crustacean that reproduces parthenogenetically contains about three hundred neurons: 110 neurons in the Lamina or anterior region and about 190 neurons in the Medulla or posterior region. The ganglion lies in the midplane of the organism and shows a high degree of left-right symmetry in its structures. The Lamina neurons form the first projection of the visual output from 176 retinula cells in the compound eye. In order to answer questions about structural invariance under constant genetic background, we have begun to reconstruct in detail the morphology and synaptic connectivity of various neurons in this ganglion from electron micrographs of serial sections (1). The ganglion is sectioned in a dorso-ventra1 direction so as to minimize the cross-sectional area photographed in each section. This area is about 60 μm x 120 μm, and hence most of the ganglion fit in a single 70 mm micrograph at the lowest magnification (685x) available on our Zeiss EM9-S.

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Actin and α-tubulin immuno-EM labelings reveal differences in intra versus interphotoreceptor matrix

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100159874 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 466-467

Author(s):

Matti Järvilehto ◽

Riitta Harjula

Keyword(s):

Compound Eye ◽

Frozen Section ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Photoreceptor Cells ◽

Immune Serum ◽

Cell Organelles ◽

Calliphora Erythrocephala ◽

Optical Axes ◽

Interphotoreceptor Matrix ◽

Similar Kind

The photoreceptor cells in the compound eyes of higher diptera are clustered in groups (ommatidia) of eight receptor cells. The cells from six adjacent ommatidia are organized into optical units, neuro-ommatia sharing the same visual field. In those ommatidia the optical axes of the photopigment containing structures (rhabdomeres) are parallel. The rhabdomeres of the photoreceptor cells are separated from each other by an interstitial i.e innerommatidial space (IOS). In the photoreceptor cell body, besides of the normal cell organelles, a cellular matrix is a structurally apparent component. Similar kind of reticular formation is also found in the IOS containing some unidentified filamentary substance, of which composition and functional significance for optical properties of vision is the aim of this report.The prefixed (2% PA + 0.2% GA in 0.1-n phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, for 1h), frozen section blocks of the compound eye of the blowfly (Calliphora erythrocephala) were prepared by immuno-cryo-techniques. The ultrathin cryosections were incubated with antibodies of monoclonal α-tubulin and polyclonal smooth muscle actin. Control labelings of excess of antigen, non-immune serum and non-present antibody were perforated.

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Efektifitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper Betle) sebagai Insektisida Nabati terhadap Mortalitas Lalat Rumah (Musca domestica)

Jurnal Kesehatan Terpadu (Integrated Health Journal) ◽

10.32695/jkt.v10i2.42 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 44-50

Author(s):

Rinaldi Daswito ◽

Rima Folentia ◽

M Yusuf MF

Keyword(s):

Musca Domestica ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Effective Concentration ◽

P Value ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Microbiology Laboratory ◽

House Flies ◽

Betel Leaf ◽

The One ◽

One Way Anova

One of the diseases that can be transmitted by flies is diarrhea. Green betel leaf contains essential oils, chavicol, arecoline, phenol, and tannins which function as plant-based insecticides. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of green betel leaf extract (Piper betel) as a plant-based insecticide on the number of mortality of house flies (Musca domestica). The research was an experimental study used After Only Design used the One Way Anova test with a 95% confidence level. The samples used were 360 house flies. Each treatment of 30 house flies with 4 repetitions and used three concentrations of green betel leaf extract (25%, 50%, 75%). The study was conducted at the Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory of Health Polytechnic Tanjungpinang, while the location of the fly collection was at the Tokojo Garbage Collection Station in Bintan Regency. The number of mortality of house flies at a concentration of 25% was 81 heads (67.5%), 50% concentrations were 93 heads (77.5%), and at a concentration of 75% were 103 heads (85.83%). There was an effect of green betel leaf extract on the mortality of house flies (p-value 0.0001 <0.05) with the most effective concentration of 75%. Further research is needed to obtain a finished product utilizing green betel leaf extract as a vegetable insecticide, especially in controlling the fly vector. Need further research on the use of green betel leaf extract as a vegetable insecticide controlling the fly vector by taking into account the amount of spraying and the age of the fly. Keywords: Green betel leaf extract , organic insecticide, houseflies

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Insecticidal bait development for control of Musca Domestica L.

Veterinaria Kubani ◽

10.33861/2071-8020-2020-6-28-30 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 28-30

Author(s):

Mikhail A. Levchenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Musca Domestica ◽

Poultry Farm ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Scientific Center ◽

Insecticidal Effect ◽

Invasive Diseases ◽

Previous Level ◽

Group Feeding ◽

Livestock Building ◽

Production Conditions

The control of houseflies (Musca domestica L.) in veterinary surveillance premises is an important measure for the welfare of animals against infectious and invasive diseases. For this purpose, the most effective chemical insecticides are used. To prevent possible resistance to them, bait insecticides with two active binary ingredients from different chemical classes are used. The work was carried out in the laboratory of the Tyumen Scientific Center and in the production conditions of ZAO Pyshminskaya Poultry Farm. This material presents the main stages in the development of a prototype of the insecticidal bait Mukhnet AX containing two insecticides: 1.5% acetamiprid and 6% chlorfenapir. For this purpose, adults of houseflies Musca domestica L. 3-5 days old were used. Under laboratory conditions, effective rational doses of the above insecticides were determined by group feeding, feeding and by the method of assessing food insecticidal baits when fighting flies from 0.00002 to 4% concentrations. According to the results of laboratory studies, it was found that the optimal doses causing 100% death of insects were 0.5% for acetamiprid and 2% for chlorfenapir. The insecticidal efficiency of the developed bait Mukhnet AH against flies in production conditions on the first day after the treatment of the livestock building was 91.25%. The insecticidal effect of the measures taken lasted for at least 6 days. The restoration of the number to the previous level of the number of insects occurred after 10 days. Based on the results obtained, the Method of using the composition of an insecticidal bait agent in the fight against Musca domestica was proposed and patented.

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