Influence of ectomycorrhizal fungi on the response of Sitka spruce and Japanese larch to forms of phosphorus

Mycorrhiza ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. McElhinney ◽  
D. T. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Japanese Larch

Evaluation of planting sites common to a southeast Alaska clear-cut. IV. Nutrient levels in ectomycorrhizal Sitka spruce seedlings

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Sidle ◽  
Charles G. Shaw III
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The North ◽  
Rotten Wood ◽  
North Side ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) seedlings colonized by the ectomycorrhizal fungi Laccarialaccata (Scop. ex Fr.) Berk and Br., Hebelomacrustuliniforme (Bull, ex St. Amans) Quel., or Cenococcumgeophilum Fr. and a noninoculated control were planted on rotten wood, undisturbed duff, undisturbed duff on the north side of large stumps, and exposed mineral soil in an area recently clear-cut on Chichagof Island, southeast Alaska. Uptake and concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and several micronutrients in foliage, stems, and roots were determined 2 years after outplanting. There were no significant interactions between fungal treatments and microsite types for uptake or concentration of any nutrient. Uptake and concentrations of N and P in foliage and roots did not differ significantly among fungal treatments. Foliar K and Cu concentrations were significantly higher in control seedlings than in those with L. laccata ectomycorrhizae. Calcium was the only nutrient analyzed that was present in higher concentrations in seedlings inoculated with H. crustuliniforme than in controls. Concentrations of foliar P, Mn, and Zn were significantly greater in seedlings grown on undisturbed duff (protected north side) than in seedlings grown on exposed mineral soil. However, foliar concentrations of all nutrients tested were not significantly different between seedlings grown on undisturbed duff (unprotected sites) and those grown on mineral soil. Seedlings grown on rotten wood had significantly greater concentrations of foliar Ca than seedlings grown on either exposed mineral soil or undisturbed duff. The on-site colonization of control seedlings after outplanting indicates that resident ectomycorrhizal fungi readily establish and appear to provide equal if not improved nutrient benefits compared to inoculated seedlings. Greater nutritional benefits were derived by planting on certain microsite types (duff and protected duff) than by inoculating with specific ectomycorrhizal fungi.

Development of ectomycorrhizae following inoculation of containerized Sitka and white spruce seedlings

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Shaw III ◽  
Randy Molina ◽  
Judith Walden
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Foliar Concentrations

Containerized Sitka (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) and white spruce (P. glauca (Moench) Voss) were inoculated at sowing with mycelial cultures of ectomycorrhizal fungi. The seedlings were grown in 66-cm3 cells for 6 months. Sitka spruce inoculated at Corvallis, OR, with Hebelomacrustuliniforme (Bull, ex St. Amans) Quél, Amanitamuscaria (L. ex Fr.) Pers. ex Hooker, or Laccarialaccata (Scop, ex Fr.) Berk and Br. had, respectively, 94, 92, and 99% of their short roots mycorrhizal. Seedlings colonized by A. muscaria were similar in size to uninoculated controls; those colonized by H. crustuliniforme or L. laccata were significantly smaller. Tricholomapessundatum (Fr.) Quél, sparsely colonized 10–25% of the Sitka spruce inoculated at Corvallis. At Petersburg, AK, 93% of the Sitka spruce inoculated with H. crustuliniforme were colonized with 69% of their short roots forming mycorrhizae. Colonized seedlings were similar in size to controls, except for a significantly greater (P < 0.05) shoot/root ratio and foliar concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Sitka spruce colonized at Petersburg by Cenococcumgeophilum Fr. and maintained at the standard nursery fertilization rate had significantly fewer short roots mycorrhizal (23%) than seedlings maintained at half the standard fertilization rate (44%). White spruce were successfully colonized by C. geophilum and H. crustuliniforme. Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch failed to form mycorrhizae on either spruce.

Evaluation of planting sites common to a southeast Alaska clear-cut. III. Effects of microsite type and ectomycorrhizal inoculation on growth and survival of Sitka spruce seedlings

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Shaw III ◽  
Roy C. Sidle ◽  
Arland S. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The North ◽  
Rotten Wood ◽  
North Side

Hebelomacrustuliniforme (Bull. ex St. Amans) Quel., Laccarialaccata (Scoop. ex Fr.) Berk and Br., and Cenococcumgeophilum (L. ex Fr.) Pers. ex Hooker were established as ectomycorrhizae on container-grown Sitka spruce seedlings. These seedlings and noninoculated controls were planted in rotten wood, exposed mineral soil, undisturbed duff, and undisturbed duff on the north side of large stumps on one clear-cut site in southeast Alaska. At planting, seedling heights differed significantly among fungal treatments: the tallest were those inoculated with C. geophilum, the shortest with H. crustuliniforme. Some height differences persisted after planting, but 3-year height and diameter increments did not differ significantly among fungal treatments and controls. As a percentage of their initial height, seedlings inoculated with L. laccata increased the least in size after 3 years (70%), significantly less than for seedlings with H. crustuliniforme (126%). All test fungi survived for 2 years, but most seedlings were further colonized by one or more on-site ectomycorrhizal fungi, frequently C. geophilum. Regardless of fungal treatment, seedlings in rotten wood had the least percentage increase in height after 3 years (69%), significantly less than the 121% increase for seedlings in undisturbed duff on the north side of stumps. Seedling survival after 3 years was over 92% and did not differ by microsite or fungal treatment. At another clear-cut site, survival of noninoculated seedlings after 3 years was 86% in exposed mineral soil, significantly less than the 98% on all other microsites. Frost heave was the primary cause of mortality. These data suggest that prior colonization by these ectomycorrhizal fungi provides little survival or growth benefit after out planting Sitka spruce seedlings on various microsites in southeast Alaskan clear-cuts. Some improvement in early height growth and survival may be obtained, however, by planting in undisturbed duff, particularly near stumps, and by avoiding exposed mineral soil.

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