Liming acid streams: Aluminium toxicity to fish in mixing zones

1991 ◽  
Vol 55 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.S. Weatherley ◽  
G.P. Rutt ◽  
S.P. Thomas ◽  
S.J. Ormerod
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Acid Streams

Growth and flowering of young cocoa plants is promoted by organic and nitrate-based fertiliser amendments

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Smilja Lambert ◽  
Hussin bin Purung ◽  
Syawaluddin ◽  
Peter McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Available P ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Organic Fertiliser ◽  
Soil C

Summary Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) farmers in Sulawesi, Indonesia typically use subsidised, ammonium-based rice fertilisers that in combination with poor agricultural practices have resulted in soil acidification, loss of organic matter, aluminium toxicity and lower soil fertility. As a result, these soils are only marginally appropriate for replanting cocoa to boost production. A field experiment was performed to test alternative soil amendments for successful replanting of cocoa on these deficient soils. In a trial with a randomised block design, 6-month old seedlings, top-grafted with the local MCC02 clone, were planted under light Gliricidia sepium shade and after 3 months treated quarterly with two options of mineral fertilisers: either a customised fertiliser, consisting of Nitrabor (a combination of calcium nitrate and boron), dolomite, rock phosphate and KCl or a NPK/urea mix used by farmers, each supplied with or without ‘micronutrient’ rock salt, organic fertiliser and beneficial microorganisms or their culture medium, a mixture of chitin and amino acids (a total of 20 treatments). Over a 4-year period, the marginal mean rates of stem diameter increment and flowering score were higher in customised fertiliser than NPK/urea treatments. The average growth rate was highest in the first year and was increased by supplying organic fertiliser. A significant correlation (r = 0.22, p < 0.05) occurred between growth and available P, but concentrations of available P were higher in the NPK/urea plots, which also had lower mean growth rates. Combined supply of organic fertiliser and microbes increased available P, as well as growth rates, in both the customised and NPK/urea treatments. In contrast, NPK/urea-treated plots without these amendments demonstrated very low growth rates. The customised formulation was more effective with or without added organic fertiliser or inoculated microbes. Micronutrient supply stimulated flowering. Growth rates in trees supplied with NPK/urea were also promoted by micronutrients. Leaf flush production occurred in regular cycles and was unaffected by the nutrient amendments. After 3 years, the customised and organic fertiliser application increased soil pH and exchangeable Ca and Mg concentrations, although they remained below recommended levels for cocoa production. These treatments had little impact on soil C content (about 1.3%) which was also deficient. Exchangeable Al and total Zn concentrations were higher in soils amended with NPK/urea. The results of the trial provide evidence that utilisation of organic fertiliser in combination with customised nitrate-based formulations improves cocoa establishment, growth and soil properties and should be recommended as a replacement for the NPK/urea fertilisers traditionally used by farmers.

Mass spectrometry‐based quantification and spatial location of small organic acids exudate in plant roots under phosphorous deficiency and aluminium toxicity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gomez‐Zepeda ◽  
Moises Frausto ◽  
Héctor‐Rogelio Nájera‐González ◽  
Luis Herrera‐Estrella ◽  
José‐Juan Ordaz‐Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Plant Roots

Influence of phosphate supply on aluminium toxicity in cereal species

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferenc Zsoldos ◽  
Ágnes Vashegyi ◽  
Attila Pécsváradi ◽  
Lajos Bona
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Phosphate Supply

Rapidly extracted (0.02 M CaCl2-soluble) reactive aluminum as a measure of aluminum toxicity in soils

Soil Research ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA Close ◽  
HKJ Powell
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Colorimetric Analysis ◽  
Aluminium Species

This paper examines the use of short extraction times, and the determination of aluminium with chrome azurol S (CAS), for the estimation of 0.02 M CaCl2-soluble aluminium in soils. It reports the correlation between CAS-reactive aluminium in 5 min extracts and percent maximum yield of white clover (Trifolium repens) for a series of acid soils. The reactivity of soluble and colloidal aluminium species with the metallochromic reagent CAS has been assessed. ~ l ( a q ) ~ + , simple hydroxy species and complexes of weakly binding ligands (salicylic acid, tannins) are CAS-reactive (2 rnin). In contrast, complexes of strongly binding ligands (citric acid, fulvic acid) are not CAS-reactive ([Al] ~ [L] ~ [CAS] ~ 1-2~10-5 M). For a series of six limed phosphated topsoils and subsoils (pH 4.2-5.5), 0.02 M CaCl2- soluble aluminium, as determined with CAS, was negatively correlated against the percent maximum yield of white clover; r2 = -0.73** (5 min extraction), n = 20. This correlation is similar to that for yield against total aluminium as determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy after 60 min extraction (r2 = -0.77**). However, the colorimetric analysis is more convenient and sensitive; further, it does not measure colloidal and polymeric aluminium species (which may not be plant-available). The satisfactory correlation achieved for short extraction times suggests use of CAS for a rapid field method for aluminium toxicity in soils.

ALUMINIUM TOXICITY IN URAEMIC BABIES

The Lancet ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 326 (8459) ◽  
pp. 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Koch ◽  
H. Reich ◽  
D. Franke
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Toxicity

Kinetic Constraints in Acute Aluminium Toxicity in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1996 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Exley ◽  
Alan J. Wicks ◽  
Rupert B. Hubert ◽  
Derek J. Birchall
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss
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