Leaf gas exchange of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings in lightflecks: effects of fleck length and leaf temperature in leaves grown in deep and partial shade

Trees ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred K�ppers ◽  
Hans Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Partial Shade ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DA IRRIGAÇÃO SUPLEMENTAR COM ÁGUAS RESIDUÁRIAS SOBRE AS TROCAS GASOSAS FOLIARES DO ALGODOEIRO

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-682
Author(s):  
Adriana Cruz de Oliveira ◽  
Antonio Flavio Batista de Araujo ◽  
Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda ◽  
Juvenaldo Florentino Canjá ◽  
Luciana Luzia Pinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
E Mail

INFLUÊNCIA DA IRRIGAÇÃO SUPLEMENTAR COM ÁGUAS RESIDUÁRIAS SOBRE AS TROCAS GASOSAS FOLIARES DO ALGODOEIRO   ADRIANA CRUZ DE OLIVEIRA1; ANTONIO FLAVIO BATISTA DE ARAUJO2; CLAUDIVAN FEITOSA DE LACERDA3; JUVENALDO FLORENTINO CANJÁ4; LUCIANA LUZIA PINHO5 E NAARA IORRANA GOMES SOUSA6     1 Mestranda no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Doutorando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Professor Titular do Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4Mestrando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5 Mestranda no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 6 Mestranda no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   O uso de águas residuárias na irrigação tem crescido como suplementação para driblar a escassez hídrica. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre as respostas das culturas sobre sua aplicação. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os impactos da irrigação suplementar com águas residuárias tratadas sobre as trocas gasosas do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L), simulando-se cenários hídricos considerados normais, seca e seca severa, na presença e ausência de NPK. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Russas – CE, em área vizinha à lagoa de estabilização da CAGECE – Companhia de Água e Esgoto do Estado do Ceará, em DBC, no esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro blocos. As parcelas foram cenários hídricos (normal, seca e seca severa); a subparcela foi a suplementação ou não com água residuária tratada nos veranicos simulados; a subsubparcela foi a aplicação ou não de NPK. A cultivar utilizada foi BR 433. Aos 25 dias após a semeadura foram analisadas fotossíntese, transpiração, concentração interna de CO2 e temperatura foliar. Os cenários de seca e seca severa apresentaram pequeno impacto sobre as trocas gasosas foliares do algodoeiro. Entretanto, a irrigação suplementar reduziu a temperatura foliar e atenuou os efeitos do cenário de seca sobre a fotossíntese, independente da aplicação ou não de NPK.   Palavras-chave: Gossypium hirsutum L, Reúso de água, Seca.         OLIVEIRA, A. C. de; ARAUJO, A. F. B. de; LACERDA, C. F. de; CANJÁ, J. F.; PINHO, L. L.; SOUSA, N. I. G. INFLUENCE OF SUPPLEMENTAL IRRIGATION WITH WASTEWATER ON COTTON LEAF GAS EXCHANGE     2 ABSTRACT   The use of wastewater in irrigation has grown as a supplement to circumvent water scarcity. However, little is known about the responses of cultures to its application. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the impacts of supplementary irrigation with treated wastewater on gas exchange of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L), simulating water scenarios considered normal, drought and severe drought, in the presence and absence of NPK. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Russas - CE, in an area next to the stabilization pond of CAGECE - Companhia de Agua e Esgoto do Estado do Ceará, in DBC, in the subdivided plot scheme, with four blocks. The plots were water scenarios (normal, drought and severe drought); the subplot was supplemented or not with wastewater treated in the simulated summer days; the sub-installment was the application or not of NPK. The cultivar used was BR 433. At 25 days after sowing, photosynthesis, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration and leaf temperature were analyzed. The drought and severe drought scenarios had little impact on the cotton leaf gas exchange. However, supplementary irrigation reduced leaf temperature and attenuated the effects of drought scenario on photosynthesis, whether or not NPK was applied.   Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum L, Water reuse, Drought.

scholarly journals The Lanata trichome mutation increases stomatal conductance and reduces leaf temperature in tomato

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Gasparini ◽  
Ana Carolina R. Souto ◽  
Mateus F. da Silva ◽  
Lucas C. Costa ◽  
Cássia Regina Fernandes Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Trichome Density

ABSTRACTBackground and aimsTrichomes are epidermal structures with an enormous variety of ecological functions and economic applications. Glandular trichomes produce a rich repertoire of secondary metabolites, whereas non-glandular trichomes create a physical barrier against biotic and abiotic stressors. Intense research is underway to understand trichome development and function and enable breeding of more resilient crops. However, little is known on how enhanced trichome density would impinge on leaf photosynthesis, gas exchange and energy balance.MethodsPrevious work has compared multiple species differing in trichome density, instead here we analyzed monogenic trichome mutants in a single tomato genetic background (cv. Micro-Tom). We determined growth parameters, leaf spectral properties, gas exchange and leaf temperature in the hairs absent (h), Lanata (Ln) and Woolly (Wo) trichome mutants.Key resultsShoot dry mass, leaf area, leaf spectral properties and cuticular conductance were not affected by the mutations. However, the Ln mutant showed increased carbon assimilation (A) possibly associated with higher stomatal conductance (gs), since there were no differences in stomatal density or stomatal index between genotypes. Leaf temperature was furthermore reduced in Ln in the early hours of the afternoon.ConclusionsWe show that a single monogenic mutation can increase glandular trichome density, a desirable trait for crop breeding, whilst concomitantly improving leaf gas exchange and reducing leaf temperature.HIGHLIGHTA monogenic mutation in tomato increases trichome density and optimizes gas exchange and leaf temperature

Elevated CO2 increases the leaf temperature of two glasshouse-grown C4 grasses

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Siebke ◽  
Oula Ghannoum ◽  
Jann P. Conroy ◽  
Susanne von Caemmerer
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure ◽  
The Difference

This study investigates the effect of elevated CO2 partial pressure (pCO2)-induced stomatal closure on leaf temperature and gas exchange of C4 grasses. Two native Australian C4 grasses, Astrebla lappacea (Lindl.) Domin and Bothriochloa bladhii Kuntze, were grown at three different pCO2 (35, 70 and 120 Pa) in three matched, temperature-controlled glasshouse compartments. The difference between leaf and air temperature (ΔT) was monitored diurnally with thermocouples. ΔT increased with both step-increases of ambient pCO2. Average noon leaf temperature increased by 0.4 and 0.3°C for A. lappacea with the 35–70 and 70–120 Pa steps of pCO2 elevation, respectively. For B. bladhii, the increases were 0.5°C for both pCO2 steps. ΔT was strongly dependent on irradiance, pCO2 and air humidity. Leaf gas exchange was measured at constant temperature and high irradiance at the three growth pCO2. Under these conditions, CO2 assimilation saturated at 70 Pa, while stomatal conductance decreased by the same extent (0.58-fold) with both step-increases in pCO2, suggesting that whole-plant water use efficiency of C4 grasses would increase beyond a doubling of ambient pCO2. The ratio of intercellular to ambient pCO2 was not affected by short- or long-term doubling or near-tripling of pCO2, in either C4 species when measured under standard conditions.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic activity of Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl. in a mixed stand at Maljen mountain

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-306
Author(s):  
Zorica Popovic ◽  
Aleksandar Mijovic ◽  
Branko Karadzic ◽  
Miroslava Mijatovic ◽  
S. Skoric
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Water Saturation Deficit ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Estimation of the photosynthetic performance of co-existing tree species with pronounced differences in ecophysiological context (Aranda et al. 1996 Leuschner et al. 2001) could provide insight into their vitality and competitive abilities at a particular site. Gas exchange, composition of photosynthetic pigments, and the water status of beech (Fagus sylvatica L) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl) were studied in the present work. The investigation was performed on Mt. Maljen (Western Serbia, near the town of Mionica) at an altitude of 950 m, in an ecotope within the confines of the mountain's beech forest belt. Codominant samplings [three of each species, 30-years old (n=6), 10-12 m high] were selected for the measurements, which were conducted on fully developed leaves from the out?ermost branches and from the innermost canopy. Photosynthetic measurements were performed using an LI-6200 closed photo?synthesis system (LI-Cor. Inc, Lincoln, NE, USA), while irradiance was detected with a selenium cell mounted on the leaf chamber. Parameters of gas exchange are expressed on the basis of leaf area, using the AREAMETER software (Karadzic et al. 1999). Chlorophyll content was spectrophotometrically determined based on light absorption of the solution obtained after extraction with dMSO (Hiscox and Israelstam, 1979). The midday water saturation deficit was determined according to Turner (1981). For data analysis, we used the Statistic for Windows program package. The ANOVA one-way break?down was applied to compare differences within (leaves inside vs. leaves outside the surface of the tree canopy) and between species for all investigated parameters at the 0.05 level of significance.

scholarly journals Gas Exchange of Apple and Blackberry Leaves Treated with a Kaolin Particle Film on Adaxial, Abaxial, or Both Leaf Surfaces

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1177-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Privé ◽  
Lindsay Russell ◽  
Anita LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Residue Level ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Leaf Residue ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Kaolin particle films are used as a means of pest control in some commercial apple orchards in the Maritime provinces; however, no studies to date have evaluated the impact of these particle films on leaf gas exchange under the region's growing conditions. Also previously unexplored is the gas exchange response of blackberry leaves to kaolin particle films and the question of whether leaf gas exchange response varies according to the leaf surface of particle film application. A study consisting of an apple field trial and a blackberry greenhouse trial was conducted during the 2005 growing season in Bouctouche, New Brunswick, Canada, with the aims of 1) characterizing the leaf temperature and gas exchange responses [net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance (g s), intercellular CO2, and transpiration] of ‘Ginger Gold’ apple [Malus ×sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] leaves to a kaolin particle film (95% kaolin clay) applied at various leaf residue densities under the province's growing conditions, 2) characterizing the leaf temperature and gas exchange responses of ‘Triple Crown’ blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) leaves to treatment of adaxial or abaxial surfaces with the kaolin particle film at various leaf residue densities, and 3) determining whether the gas exchange response of apple and blackberry leaves to the kaolin particle film varies according to leaf temperature. Leaf gas exchange measurements were taken under conditions of ambient CO2, saturated light, moderate (apple) or high (blackberry) relative humidity levels and leaf temperatures ranging from 26 to 39 °C (apple) and 15 to 41 °C (blackberry). When the particle film was applied to both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of apple leaves at kaolin residue densities of 0.5 to 3.7 g·m−2, leaf temperature was reduced by up to 1.1 °C (P = 0.005) and g s was increased (P = 0.029) relative to leaves with trace (<0.5 g·m−2) levels of kaolin deposits. No other effects of kaolin leaf residue density on apple leaf gas exchange were found, nor were any interactions of leaf temperature × residue level (P > 0.05). When applied to a fixed area on the adaxial or abaxial surfaces of blackberry leaves at kaolin residue densities of 0.5 to 10.8 g·m−2, the particle film did not alter leaf temperature or gas exchange (P > 0.05). No interactions of leaf temperature × residue level or leaf temperature × leaf surface × residue level were found to affect blackberry leaf gas exchange (P > 0.05).

scholarly journals Bell Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) under Colored Shade Nets: Plant Growth and Physiological Responses

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1795-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Díaz-Pérez ◽  
Kelly St. John
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Carotenoids

Use of colored shade nets has shown benefits in bell pepper and other horticultural crops. There is still, however, limited information on plant growth and physiology of bell pepper crop grown under colored shade nets. The objective was to determine the effects of colored shade nets on plant growth, leaf gas exchange, and leaf pigments of field-grown bell pepper. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications and five shade treatments (black, red, silver, and white nets, and an uncovered control). Mean and maximal air temperature and midday root zone temperature (RZT) were highest in the unshaded treatment. Differences in air temperatures between shade net treatments were smaller compared with the differences in RZT between treatments. Plant fresh weight and stem diameter were reduced in the unshaded treatment, and there were no plant fresh weight and stem diameter differences among shade nets. The incidence of Phytophthora blight (caused by Phytophthora capsici) was greatest in the unshaded treatment. Leaf stomatal conductance (gS) and photosystem II efficiency were reduced and leaf temperature increased in unshaded conditions. Leaf net photosynthesis, gS, internal CO2, and PSII efficiency decreased with increasing leaf temperature. Differences in leaf temperature among shade net treatments were because of differences in solar radiation captured by leaves. Leaf total carotenoids were lowest in unshaded conditions and there were no differences in total carotenoids among the shade nets. Chlorophyll a concentration and chlorophyll a/b ratio was lowest in unshaded conditions. Leaf total phenols, flavonoids, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) values were highest in red net and in unshaded conditions. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values were highest in red net and lowest in silver net. In conclusion, compared with unshaded conditions, shade nets resulted in improved bell pepper plant growth and leaf gas exchange. These responses were due primarily to the reduced leaf and root zone temperatures under shaded conditions, regardless of the color of shade net. The differences in plant growth and function due to color of shade net were inconsistent or minor for most of the plant variables measured.

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