Simple whole-soil bioassay based on microarthropods

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
StephenC. Sheppard ◽  
WilliamG. Evenden
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bioassay

A Rapid, Sensitive Soil Bioassay for Sulfonylurea Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shay L. Sunderland ◽  
Paul W. Santelmann ◽  
Todd A. Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Petri Dish ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Soil Bioassay ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Bioassay Procedure ◽  
Petri Dishes

The concentration of three sulfonylurea herbicides in soil was determined by a modified petri dish bioassay procedure. The method involved planting pregerminated seed of selected species in petri dishes containing 65 to 100 g of treated soil and measuring the radicle lengths after 24 h. Chlorimuron was detected in two soils at 0.002 μg g–1using either corn, sorghum, or sicklepod as the assay species. Chlorsulfuron and CGA-131036 were detected in soils at 0.001 μg g–1using corn, and chlorsulfuron was detected at the same level using sicklepod. In contrast to other methods, the bioassay procedure described could be completed in 48 h, including pregermination of the seed, growth of the plants on treated soil, and plant measurements.

Duration of Broadleaf Weed Control with Isoxaben Using Soil Bioassays

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh S. Chandran ◽  
Jeffrey F. Derr
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Soil Bioassay ◽  
Bioassay Experiment ◽  
Soil Bioassays ◽  
Fall Application

A soil bioassay experiment was conducted in Blacksburg, VA, to determine the effect of isoxaben application timings and rates on duration of weed control. Flats containing soil were imbedded into the field. Isoxaben was applied in the spring, fall, and spring followed by fall (double application) at 0.56, 0.84, and 1.12 kg ai/ha. Flats were moved to a greenhouse at 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 months after treatment (MAT) and seeded with yellow rocket, buckhorn plantain, and spotted spurge for the bioassays. Weed counts from treated flats were compared to those in untreated flats to determine percent control. Fall and spring followed by fall applications provided approximately 20% greater control of yellow rocket 3 MAT and 30% greater control 6 MAT, compared to a single spring application of isoxaben. Isoxaben at all rates controlled yellow rocket > 70% at 6 mo after fall application. At 3 MAT, fall and spring plus fall-applied isoxaben provided about 15 and 20% greater buckhorn plantain control, respectively, compared to spring application. The two highest rates of isoxaben controlled buckhorn plantain > 70% at 3 mo after fall application, but provided poor control at 6 MAT. Control of spotted spurge was similar among the three application timings for isoxaben and was unacceptable at most evaluation dates. Overall, isoxaben applied at 1.12 kg/ha provided better control of all three weed species for a longer time than the reference herbicide, oxadiazon, applied at 3.36 kg/ha.

scholarly journals A Soil Bioassay for Predicting the Risk of Spinach Fusarium wilt

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily W. Gatch ◽  
Lindsey J. du Toit
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Bioassay ◽  
Inbred Parent ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seed Crops

The maritime Pacific Northwest is the only region of the United States suitable for production of spinach seed, a cool-season, daylength-sensitive crop. However, the acidic soils of this region are highly conducive to spinach Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae. Rotations of at least 10 to 15 years between spinach seed crops are necessary to reduce the high risk of losses to this disease. The objectives of this study were to develop a greenhouse soil bioassay to assess the relative risk of Fusarium wilt in fields intended for spinach seed production, and to identify soil chemical and physical properties associated with conduciveness to this disease. Preliminary bioassays established a protocol for growing spinach plants in a greenhouse environment and inducing Fusarium wilt symptoms so that the bioassay can be completed in <2 months. Test soils with a range of Fusarium wilt inoculum potentials, and three spinach inbred parent lines (highly susceptible, moderately susceptible, and moderately resistant to Fusarium wilt) were used to evaluate sensitivity of the bioassay to different levels of risk of Fusarium wilt. Then, from 2010 to 2013, spinach seed growers and stakeholders submitted soil samples from 147 fields for evaluation with the bioassay. The fields were each under consideration for planting a spinach seed crop, yet the bioassay revealed a wide range in Fusarium wilt inoculum potential among soil samples. Differences in susceptibility to Fusarium wilt of the three inbred lines were key to detecting differences in wilt risk among soils. Visits to spinach seed crops planted in fields evaluated in the bioassay, as well as test plots of the three inbred lines planted in growers’ seed crops, confirmed the predictive value of the bioassay for Fusarium wilt risk. Correlation analyses for 23 soil properties revealed significant relationships of 15 soil properties with the Fusarium wilt potential of a soil, but the correlations were influenced significantly by susceptibility of the inbred line to Fusarium wilt (13, 10, and 8 soil properties correlated significantly with Fusarium wilt risk for the susceptible, moderate, and partially resistant inbreds, respectively). Multiple regression analyses identified different statistical models for prediction of Fusarium wilt risk depending on the spinach inbred line, but the best fitting model explained <34% of the variability in Fusarium wilt risk among 121 fields evaluated in the soil bioassay. Thus, no model was robust enough to replace the bioassay for the purpose of predicting Fusarium wilt risk.

Soil bioassay: Problems and approaches

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Terekhova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bioassay

scholarly journals Plant growth-promoting bacteria belonging to the genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus improve the growth of sorghum seedings in a low-nutrient soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enriqueta Amora-Lazcano ◽  
Héctor J. Quiroz-González ◽  
Cristofer I. Osornio-Ortega ◽  
Juan A. Cruz-Maya ◽  
Janet Jan-Roblero
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Bioassay ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Background: Deficiency in sorghum growth in ecosystems of low-nutrient soils has been scarcely studied. This soil deficiency can be overcome by the addition of plant growth-promoting bacteria which increase sorghum growth. Questions and/or Hypotheses: indole acetic acid (IAA) producing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria can promote sorghum growth under nutritional stress. Studied species: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Study site and dates: Mexico City, 2018. Methods: Of the twelve bacterial strains utilized, three produce IAA (group BI), two strains produce IAA and siderophores (BIS group), four strains produce IAA and solubilize phosphate (BIP group), and three strains produce IAA, solubilize phosphate, and produce siderophores (BIPS group). Hydroponic bioassays and low-nutrient soil bioassay were used. Results: In hydroponic bioassays, for BI and BIS groups, five strains significantly increased the growth parameters with respect to the control, and for the BIP and BIPS groups, two strains promoted stem development and shoot dry weight. In a low-nutrient soil bioassay, Pseudomonas sp. BI-1 (from BI group) was the one that presented the highest percentages 32, 48, 140 and 79 % in stem diameter, height and dry weight of the shoot and dry weight of the root, respectively, followed by the P. mohnii BIPS-10 strain (from BIPS group) that exhibited similar results. Conclusions: IAA producing Pseudomonas strains improve the sorghum growth in a low-nutrient soil and suggest thatPseudomonas sp. BI-1 and P. mohnii BIPS-10 could be used as potential bioinoculants for sorghum.

Development and use of a soil bioassay for pendimethalin and fluchloralin

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Jai Dev ◽  
J. N. Singh ◽  
Govindra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bioassay
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