Stomatal patchiness in conifers: experiments with Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Abies alba Mill.

Trees ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Beyschlag ◽  
Frauke Kresse ◽  
Ronald J. Ryel ◽  
Hardy Pfanz
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Stomatal Patchiness

scholarly journals Suitability of sugar, amino acid, and inorganic ion compositions to distinguish fir and spruce honey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basel Shaaban ◽  
Victoria Seeburger ◽  
Annette Schroeder ◽  
Gertrud Lohaus
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Different Types

AbstractHoneydew honey is produced by bees from excretions of plant-feeding insects, such as aphids and scale insects. Honeydew on conifers, like fir (Abies alba) or spruce (Picea abies), is produced by different species of the genera Cinara and Physokermes. This means that honeydew honey can stem from different botanical as well as zoological origins, but so far it is not possible to clearly distinguish the different types of honeys. In the attempt to identify distinguishing markers, 19 sugars, 25 amino acids and 9 inorganic ions were quantified in three groups of honeydew honey (fir/Cinara, spruce/Cinara and spruce/Physokermes) with 20 honey samples each. It could be demonstrated that the contents of isomaltose, raffinose, erlose, two undefined oligosaccharides, several amino acids, sulfate, and phosphate differed significantly between the three groups of honey. Furthermore, multivariate analyses resulted in a separation of spruce/Physokermes honey from spruce- or fir/Cinara honey due to its higher contents of phosphate, sulfate, erlose and two undefined oligosaccharides. Moreover, the amino acid composition and the isomaltose as well as the raffinose contents proved useful in the distinction between fir/Cinara and spruce/Cinara honey. In sum, the contents of sugars, amino acids, and inorganic ions in German fir and spruce honeys provide useful information about the botanical and zoological origin of honeydew honeys.

Biases in the estimation of size-dependent mortality models: advantages of a semiparametric approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1430-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghislain Vieilledent ◽  
Benoît Courbaud ◽  
Georges Kunstler ◽  
Jean-François Dhôte ◽  
James S. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Strongly Nonlinear ◽  
Semiparametric Approach ◽  
Mortality Models ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Parametric Functions ◽  
Related Mortality

Mortality rate is thought to show a U-shape relationship to tree size. This shape could result from a decrease of competition-related mortality as diameter increases, followed by an increase of senescence and disturbance-related mortality for large trees. Modeling mortality rate as a function of diameter is nevertheless difficult, first because this relationship is strongly nonlinear, and second because data can be unbalanced, with few observations for large trees. Parametric functions, which are inflexible and sensitive to the distribution of observations, tend to introduce biases in mortality rate estimates. In this study we use mortality data for Abies alba Mill. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. to demonstrate that mortality rate estimates for extreme diameters were biased when using classical parametric functions. We then propose a semiparametric approach allowing a more flexible relationship between mortality and diameter. We show that the relatively shade-tolerant A. alba has a lower annual mortality rate (2.75%) than P. abies (3.78%) for small trees (DBH <15 cm). Picea abies, supposedly more sensitive to bark beetle attacks and windthrows, had a higher mortality rate (up to 0.46%) than A. alba (up to 0.30%) for large trees (DBH ≥50 cm).

Decay dynamics of Abies alba and Picea abies deadwood in relation to environmental conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 427 ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Přívětivý ◽  
Dušan Adam ◽  
Tomáš Vrška
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Abies Alba

scholarly journals On the Occurrence of Natural Norway Spruce Woodland in the Pieniny Mts (Western Carpathians)

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Peter Kučera
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Altitudinal Limit

Abstract According to Kulczyński (1928), a natural Picea abies forest occurs in the mountain range of the Pieniny Mts on the slopes of the mountain Vysoke skalky. Later, various data on the altitudinal range of this stand (and thus on the locality itself) were published: (1) 890 (900) - 950 m, (2) 1000 - 1050 m or (3) around 1000 m. The aim of the field research was to verify published data on the occurrence of a woodland of Upper Mountain Norway spruce (association Polysticho-Piceetum) in the territory of Vysoke skalky. A field study in the area has revealed that most of published data on the occurrence of the Kulczyński’s Picea woodland are incorrect, as its real upper altitudinal limit reaches ± 940 m. The main result is the confirmation of the real existence of a Vaccinium myrtillus-Homogyne alpina-Picea abies phytocoenosis in the territory of Vysoke skalky. However, tree species other than Picea abies (e.g. Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba, Acer pseudoplatanus) could persist in the special habitat of Kulczyński’s ‘Picea woodland’. The natural vegetation of this place was formed by mixed forest stand.

scholarly journals Responses of Abies alba seedlings to different site conditions in Picea abies plantations

Dendrobiology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Kučeravá ◽  
Lumír Dobrovolný ◽  
Jiří Remeš
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Site Conditions

scholarly journals Spektralni potpisi (endmemberi) nekih šumskih vrsta u Republici Hrvatskoj

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Mario Ančić ◽  
Jelena Kolić ◽  
Dubravko Gajski ◽  
Ante Seletković ◽  
Andrija Krtalić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Viscum Album

Svi objekti reflektiraju, apsorbiraju ili emitiraju elektromagnetsko zračenje ovisno o sastavu, stvarajući jedinstvene uzorke koje zovemo spektralni potpisi ili endmemberi. Čisti spektralni uzorci definiraju se u idealnim terenskim ili laboratorijskim uvjetima, gdje je spektar refleksije dobiven uporabom spektroradiometra fokusiranog na jednu površinu. Prema istraživanjima, većina spektralno čistih uzoraka odnosi se na istraživanja minerala. Spektralni potpisi vegetacije, za razliku od spektralnih potpisa minerala, su dinamični (u spektralnoj, prostornoj i vremenskoj rezoluciji), znatno zahtjevniji za prikupljanje i dokumentiranje, te ih treba s oprezom ugraditi u spektralne knjižnice. Postoji nekoliko spektralnih knjžnica (većih i manjih) koje su organizirane po poglavljima, a sastoje se od uzoraka koji imaju dovoljan broj analiza i dokumentaciju za utvrđivanje kvalitete spektra. U ovome istraživanju izdvojeni su spektralni potpisi za nekoliko vrsta u Hrvatskoj: hrast lužnjak (Quercus robur L.), običnu bukvu (Fagus sylvatica L.), običnu jelu (Abies alba Mill.), običnu smreku (Picea abies L.), bijelu imelu (Viscum album L. ssp. Abietis (Weisb.)) i žutu imelu (Loranthus europaeus Jacq.). Svrha istraživanja je bila uspostaviti spektralnu knjižnicu za buduća istraživanja primjene hiperspektralnih skenera pri detekciji vrsta drveća. Za prikupljanje spektralnih potpisa korišten je hiperspektralni linijski skener ImSpector V9, koji snima vidljivi i bliži infracrveni dio spektra od 430 do 900 nm. Osim njega korišten je i senzor sunčevog zračenja FODIS, kako bi dobili prosječnu vrijednost sunčeve insolacije u trenutku snimanja. Snimanje je provedeno u kontroliranim uvjetima. Uzorci su postavljeni na kružnu podlogu sa naznačenom podjelom za svakih 45 stupnjeva točno u centru optičke osi skenera, te su rotirani kružno. Spektralne snimke su zatim obrađivane u softveru ImageJ gdje su izdvojeni podaci za daljnju analizu. Nakon obračuna srednjih vrijednosti po vrstama napravljene su usporedbe između vrsta. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su preklapanja u vidljivom dijelu spektra, dok u bližem infracrvenom dijelu spektra vrste diferenciraju jedna od druge, odnosno rezultati pokazuju kako postoji razlika između spektralnih krivulja uzoraka. Provedenim istraživanjem definirani su postupci uzimanja uzoraka i dobiveni spektralni potpisi za istraživane vrste (endmemberi). Spektralni potpisi postali su dio spektralne knjižnice, a najznačajniji rezultat istraživanja je mogućnost primjene za detekciju vrsta na hiperspektralnim snimkama.

scholarly journals Effects of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) on the humus forms in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) stands

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Podrázský Vilém ◽  
Vacek Zdeněk ◽  
Kupka Ivo ◽  
Vacek Stanislav ◽  
Třeštík Michal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Top Soil

The effects of silver fir (Abies alba Miller) on the soil compared to Norway spruce (Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten) were evaluated. Altitude of the study site is 790 m a.s.l., mild slope of 10° facing SW, forest site is spruce-beech on acid soil. The forest floor and top soil horizons (L + F1, F2 + H, Ah) were sampled in 4 replications beneath unmixed Norway spruce and silver fir groups. Comparing the soil-forming effects of both species, few significant differences were found in the Ah horizon – contents of total C, N, exchangeable Al and plant available Ca were higher beneath spruce. The soil improving role of silver fir compared to spruce was confirmed at the studied locality.

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