Zucker, Cyclite und organische S�uren des Cambialsaftes von Pinus silvestris L., Picea Abies Karst. und Abies alba Mill

Planta ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alois Kretz
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Pinus Silvestris

scholarly journals Suitability of sugar, amino acid, and inorganic ion compositions to distinguish fir and spruce honey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basel Shaaban ◽  
Victoria Seeburger ◽  
Annette Schroeder ◽  
Gertrud Lohaus
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Different Types

AbstractHoneydew honey is produced by bees from excretions of plant-feeding insects, such as aphids and scale insects. Honeydew on conifers, like fir (Abies alba) or spruce (Picea abies), is produced by different species of the genera Cinara and Physokermes. This means that honeydew honey can stem from different botanical as well as zoological origins, but so far it is not possible to clearly distinguish the different types of honeys. In the attempt to identify distinguishing markers, 19 sugars, 25 amino acids and 9 inorganic ions were quantified in three groups of honeydew honey (fir/Cinara, spruce/Cinara and spruce/Physokermes) with 20 honey samples each. It could be demonstrated that the contents of isomaltose, raffinose, erlose, two undefined oligosaccharides, several amino acids, sulfate, and phosphate differed significantly between the three groups of honey. Furthermore, multivariate analyses resulted in a separation of spruce/Physokermes honey from spruce- or fir/Cinara honey due to its higher contents of phosphate, sulfate, erlose and two undefined oligosaccharides. Moreover, the amino acid composition and the isomaltose as well as the raffinose contents proved useful in the distinction between fir/Cinara and spruce/Cinara honey. In sum, the contents of sugars, amino acids, and inorganic ions in German fir and spruce honeys provide useful information about the botanical and zoological origin of honeydew honeys.

Biases in the estimation of size-dependent mortality models: advantages of a semiparametric approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1430-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghislain Vieilledent ◽  
Benoît Courbaud ◽  
Georges Kunstler ◽  
Jean-François Dhôte ◽  
James S. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Strongly Nonlinear ◽  
Semiparametric Approach ◽  
Mortality Models ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Parametric Functions ◽  
Related Mortality

Mortality rate is thought to show a U-shape relationship to tree size. This shape could result from a decrease of competition-related mortality as diameter increases, followed by an increase of senescence and disturbance-related mortality for large trees. Modeling mortality rate as a function of diameter is nevertheless difficult, first because this relationship is strongly nonlinear, and second because data can be unbalanced, with few observations for large trees. Parametric functions, which are inflexible and sensitive to the distribution of observations, tend to introduce biases in mortality rate estimates. In this study we use mortality data for Abies alba Mill. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. to demonstrate that mortality rate estimates for extreme diameters were biased when using classical parametric functions. We then propose a semiparametric approach allowing a more flexible relationship between mortality and diameter. We show that the relatively shade-tolerant A. alba has a lower annual mortality rate (2.75%) than P. abies (3.78%) for small trees (DBH <15 cm). Picea abies, supposedly more sensitive to bark beetle attacks and windthrows, had a higher mortality rate (up to 0.46%) than A. alba (up to 0.30%) for large trees (DBH ≥50 cm).

Decay dynamics of Abies alba and Picea abies deadwood in relation to environmental conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 427 ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Přívětivý ◽  
Dušan Adam ◽  
Tomáš Vrška
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Abies Alba

scholarly journals On the Occurrence of Natural Norway Spruce Woodland in the Pieniny Mts (Western Carpathians)

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Peter Kučera
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Altitudinal Limit

Abstract According to Kulczyński (1928), a natural Picea abies forest occurs in the mountain range of the Pieniny Mts on the slopes of the mountain Vysoke skalky. Later, various data on the altitudinal range of this stand (and thus on the locality itself) were published: (1) 890 (900) - 950 m, (2) 1000 - 1050 m or (3) around 1000 m. The aim of the field research was to verify published data on the occurrence of a woodland of Upper Mountain Norway spruce (association Polysticho-Piceetum) in the territory of Vysoke skalky. A field study in the area has revealed that most of published data on the occurrence of the Kulczyński’s Picea woodland are incorrect, as its real upper altitudinal limit reaches ± 940 m. The main result is the confirmation of the real existence of a Vaccinium myrtillus-Homogyne alpina-Picea abies phytocoenosis in the territory of Vysoke skalky. However, tree species other than Picea abies (e.g. Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba, Acer pseudoplatanus) could persist in the special habitat of Kulczyński’s ‘Picea woodland’. The natural vegetation of this place was formed by mixed forest stand.

scholarly journals Responses of Abies alba seedlings to different site conditions in Picea abies plantations

Dendrobiology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Kučeravá ◽  
Lumír Dobrovolný ◽  
Jiří Remeš
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Site Conditions

scholarly journals The relationship between the arrangement of rays in secondary phloem and grain inclination in the wood of Pinus silyestris L. and Picea abies Karst

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Władysław Pyszyński
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Wood Grain ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wood Columns

The arrangement of rays in cross sections of secondary phloem and the wood grain on the tangential and radial surfaces of wood columns from <i>Pinus silvestris</i> and <i>Picea abies</i> was studied. It was found that in most cases the rays were slanted and deviated from the geometric radius in either the S-direction (to the left) or in the Z-direction (to the right) when the cross section of the stem was observed from above. The S-type deviation dominated in those stems in which the wood grain in the peripheral parts was of the S-type (left-oriented), whereas the deviation of rays in the Z-direction was found to dominate in those objects, in which the wood grain in the peripheral parts of the stem was of the Z-type (right-oriented).

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