Production of low temperature active lipase from the pink snow mold, Microdochium nivale (syn. Fusarium nivale)

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamotsu Hoshino ◽  
Satoru Ohgiya ◽  
Tadayuki Shimanuki ◽  
Kozo Ishizaki
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Fusarium Nivale ◽  
Active Lipase

Development of resistance to Microdochium nivale in winter wheat during autumn and decline of the resistance under snow

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1211-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nakajima ◽  
J. Abe
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Fusarium Nivale ◽  
Accumulated Degree Days

The effect of autumn climate on the development of resistance to pink snow mold (Microdochium nivale) in winter wheat was estimated in mid-December. Changes in resistance over time under snow cover were also determined. Resistance in December was closely correlated with the accumulated degree-days above 0 °C from sowing. The number of days of incubation at which 50% of the plants are killed (LI50) was lowest in the cool autumn in 1988 and highest in the warm autumn in 1989. Temperatures below 5 °C were also required for expression of resistance. Differences in LI50 between resistant and susceptible cultivars were most apparent in late autumn. Continuous snow cover was found to reduce resistance to pink snow mold. The rate of decline of the resistance in cv. Nanbukomugi during the winters under snow was lower than in cv. PI 173438 and cv. Kitakamikomugi. The resistance to pink snow mold was correlated with the amount of etiolated growth at 25 °C. This indicates that exhaustion of food reserves during prolonged snow cover predisposed wheat plants to snow mold diseases. Key words: pink snow mold, Fusarium nivale, Monographella nivalis, resistance progressive and degressive curves, Triticum aestivum L., field test.

scholarly journals An Apoplastic Defensin of Wheat Elicits the Production of Extracellular Polysaccharides in Snow Mold

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1607
Author(s):  
Ayako Isobe ◽  
Chikako Kuwabara ◽  
Michiya Koike ◽  
Keita Sutoh ◽  
Kentaro Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Plant Defensin ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Antimicrobial Proteins ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Cellulase Treatment

TAD1 (Triticum aestivum defensin 1) is a plant defensin specifically induced by low temperature in winter wheat. In this study, we demonstrated that TAD1 accumulated in the apoplast during cold acclimation and displayed antifungal activity against the pink snow mold fungi Microdochium nivale. When M. nivale was treated with TAD1, Congo red-stainable extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) were produced. The EPS were degradable by cellulase treatment, suggesting the involvement of β-1,4 glucans. Interestingly, when the fungus was treated with FITC-labeled TAD1, fluorescent signals were observed within the EPS layer. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that the EPS plays a role as a physical barrier against antimicrobial proteins secreted by plants. We anticipate that the findings from our study will have broad impact and will increase our understanding of plant–snow mold interactions under snow.

Acremonium boreale n.sp., a sclerotial, low-temperature-tolerant, snow mold antagonist

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (20) ◽  
pp. 2122-2139 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Drew Smith ◽  
John G. N. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Typhula Ishikariensis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Fusarium Nivale

A previously undescribed, sclerotial, low-temperature-tolerant fungus with orange sclerotia, is common on a wide range of plant species and substrates in Western Canada. It is often associated with snow mold complexes. It has also been found in eastern Canada and Norway, indicating a circumpolar distribution. It is described as Acremonium boreale n.sp. Some isolates were antagonistic towards common snow molds, viz. Fusarium nivale, Sclerotica borealis, Typhula ishikariensis var. ishikariensis and var. canadensis, and the nonsclerotial low-temperature basidiomycete in culture at low temperatures. Although it was weakly parasitic towards two grass species, its main ecological importance seems to be as an invasive primary saprophyte on a wide range of substrates. It may play a significant role in determining the nature and intensity of damage in snow mold complexes.

scholarly journals Preliminary tests on winter cereal varieties of resistance to low temperature parasitic fungi in controlled conditions

1968 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
H. H. Blomqvist ◽  
E. A. Jamalainen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Typhula Ishikariensis ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Nivale ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The present work describes a method for the testing of the resistance of winter cereal varieties to Fusarium nivale, Typhula ishikariensis and T. incarnata. The shooting of the plants was carried out in greenhouses and after a period of 3 weeks of coldhardening the plants were infected, covered with cellulose wadding and placed in a temperature of 2°C. Once the varieties with the highest susceptibility were severely infected by the fungi the test was suspended and the plants were given some 2 weeks to recover prior to being analysed. The tested varieties were well known from field trials during a number of years. The results agree in the main with those obtained in the field. The Finnish winter wheat and winter rye varieties showed a greater degree of resistance to the above fungi than the Swedish ones. The injury inflicted by F. nivale on winter rye was more severe than that on the winter wheat varieties. T. ishikariensis and T. incarnata were considerably more pathogenic to wheat than F. nivale, and the tested varieties showed varying degrees of resistance to these fungi. The results likewise point to a correlation existing in the resistance to the three low temperature parasitic fungi.

SNOW MOLD INFECTION OF ALFALFA, GRASSES, AND WINTER WHEAT BY SEVERAL FUNGI UNDER ARTIFICIAL CONDITIONS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Cormack ◽  
J. B. Lebeau
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Saturated Atmosphere ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties ◽  
Highly Virulent

Snow mold infection by an unidentified low-temperature basidiomycete and Typhula spp. developed best under artificial conditions when inoculated plants in pots were incubated for 2 months at 2 °C with 80 to 90% R.H. in the special cabinets described or with other covering. A saturated atmosphere was detrimental to mycelial growth and infection. Freezing temperatures and complete host dormancy were not required but greenhouse-grown plants benefited from prior conditioning for 2 weeks at 2° to 5 °C with light for 8 hours daily. The reactions of alfalfa varieties, creeping red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, red top, timothy, and winter wheat to the low-temperature basidiomycete were similar to those previously observed in the field. T. idahoensis Remsb. caused moderate to severe damage and T. itoana Imai caused slight to moderate damage to the grasses and winter wheat. Typhula sp. from alfalfa was highly virulent to that host. The low-temperature basidiomycete was the only snow mold organism tested that synthesized HCN in culture or in the plant tissues.Sclerolinia borealis Bub. & Vleug. caused slight damage to winter wheat and grasses after 3 months at 2 °C but did not develop well under any of the conditions employed.

Neutral lipids, phospholipids, and a betaine lipid of the snow mold fungus Microdochium nivale

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1051-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Istokovics ◽  
Naoki Morita ◽  
Kazuo Izumi ◽  
Tamotsu Hoshino ◽  
Isao Yumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Polar Lipid Fraction ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Betaine Lipid

The hyphae of the snow mold Microdochium nivale contained lipids in a yield of about 10% w/w of the dry matter of hyphae. The total lipid was fractionated into neutral and polar lipid fractions. In the neutral lipid fraction, triacylglylcerol was the sole major component. As minor components, ergosterol, diacylglycerol, free fatty acid, and fatty acyl ergosterol were identified. The polar lipid fraction contained phospholipids, glycolipids, and a lipid containing neither phosphorus nor sugar. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid were identified as phospholipids. The polar lipid fraction included at least four kinds of glycolipids that have not been identified. A very unusual lipid in fungi, a betaine lipid, diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine, was identified by chemical and physicochemical analyses. The level of the neutral lipid fraction, which accounted for 60% of the total lipid in hyphae at the exponential phase, was significantly increased compared with that of the polar lipid fraction and constituted 80% of the total at the stationary phase. The neutral and polar lipids of Microdochium nivale contained 18:3 (9,12,15), 18:2 (9,12), 18:1 (9), and 16:0 as principal fatty acids. Among them, 18:2 (9,12) and 18:3 (9,12,15) were the major fatty acids of triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas in diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine, the major components were 16:0 and 18:3 (9,12,15).Key words: snow mold, phospholipids, betaine lipid, fatty acid, Microdochium nivale.

scholarly journals A cold inducible multidomain cystatin from winter wheat inhibits growth of the snow mold fungus, Microdochium nivale

Planta ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 223 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petya Koeva Christova ◽  
Nikolai Kirilov Christov ◽  
Ryozo Imai
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Microdochium Nivale ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Mold Fungus
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