Partial information on decisional competences and the desirability of the expert rule in uncertain dichotomous choice situations

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shmuel Nitzan ◽  
Jacob Paroush
Keyword(s):  
Partial Information ◽  
Dichotomous Choice ◽  
Expert Rule ◽  
Uncertain Dichotomous Choice

Expert rule versus majority rule under partial information

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Berend ◽  
J�rgen E. Harmse
Keyword(s):  
Majority Rule ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Expert Rule

scholarly journals Expert rule versus majority rule under partial information, II

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Berend ◽  
Luba Sapir
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Majority Rule ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Distribution Parameter ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Independent Random Variables ◽  
Expert Rule ◽  
Distribution Rule ◽  
Two Alternatives

The main purpose of this paper is clarifying the connection between some characteristics of a deciding body and the probability of its making correct decisions. In our model a group of decision makers is required to select one of two alternatives. We assume the probabilities of the decision makers being correct are independent random variables distributed according to the same given distribution rule. This distribution belongs to a general family, containing the uniform distribution as a particular case. We investigate the behavior of the probability of the expert rule being optimal, as well as that of the majority rule, both as functions of the distribution parameter and the group size. The main result is that for any value of the distribution parameter the expert rule is far more likely to be optimal than the majority rule, especially as the deciding body becomes larger.

Skill, power and marginal contribution in committees

2021 ◽  
pp. 095162982098484
Author(s):  
Ruth Ben-Yashar ◽  
Shmuel Nitzan ◽  
Tomoya Tajika
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Decision Rule ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Marginal Contribution ◽  
Dichotomous Choice ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Uncertain Dichotomous Choice ◽  
The Relationship

Power is an important basic concept in Political Science and Economics. Applying an extended version of the uncertain dichotomous choice model proposed, the objective of this paper is to clarify the relationship between two different types of power a voter may have: skill-dependent (s-d) power and marginal contribution (mc). It is then shown that, under the optimal committee decision rule, inequality in skills may result in higher inequality of the two types of power and that the distribution of the second type of power (mc) can be even more unequal than the distribution of the first type of s-d power. Using simulations, and assuming evenly spread skills, this possibility is proved to be robust. The significance of the finding is due to the effect of power on reward, whether it is defined in terms of status or in terms of monetary payment.

Evidence for using partial information to reconstruct dates of events

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P. Thompson ◽  
John J. Skowronski ◽  
Andrew L. Betz
Keyword(s):  
Partial Information
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