Perpetuation of the hereditary sigma virus in populations of its host, Drosophila melanogaster. Geographical analysis of correlated polymorphisms

Genetica ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fleuriet
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Geographical Analysis ◽  
Sigma Virus

scholarly journals Geographical analysis of diapause inducibility in European Drosophila melanogaster populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Pegoraro ◽  
Valeria Zonato ◽  
Elizabeth R. Tyler ◽  
Giorgio Fedele ◽  
Charalambos P. Kyriacou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Geographical Analysis

scholarly journals The Transcriptional Response of Drosophila melanogaster to Infection with the Sigma Virus (Rhabdoviridae)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. e6838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Carpenter ◽  
Stephan Hutter ◽  
John F. Baines ◽  
Julia Roller ◽  
Sarah S. Saminadin-Peter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Sigma Virus

scholarly journals INDEPENDENT PRODUCTION OF CO2 SENSITIVITY BY NUCLEAR GENE DLY AND A TRANSMISSIBLE AGENT FROM DELAYED-RECOVERY DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-510
Author(s):  
M A Clark ◽  
W B McCrady ◽  
C L Fielding
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Mutant Gene ◽  
Co2 Sensitivity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Male Line ◽  
Delayed Recovery ◽  
Sigma Virus

ABSTRACT Flies of stocks designated delayed-recovery by MCCRADY and SULERUD (1964) remain temporarily paralyzed after exposure to carbon dioxide. This condition is similar to CO2 sensitivity, which occurs in flies infected with the maternally transmitted sigma virus, but is due, at least in part, to the third chromosome mutant gene DlY. Because earlier work indicated that extracts of delayed-recovery flies could occasionally transmit CO2, sensitivity when injected into resistant recipients, we have tested the possibility that some delayed-recovery stocks contain a sigma-like transmissible virus, in addition to the Dly gene. We found that TDR-orange, a stock derived from the original delayed-recovery line, and temperature-cured populations of the same stock, both contain some agent that is transmissible by injection. TDR-BC3f, a stock derived by backcrossing through the male line to eliminate maternally transmitted factors, does not appear to contain such an infectious agent, but remains sensitive to CO2. These observations lead us to the conclusion that the originally described delayed-recovery stocks harbor an infectious extrachromosomal agent, in addition to possessing the Dly gene, and each is capable of producing a sensitivity to carbon dioxide.

scholarly journals Drosophila melanogaster Mounts a Unique Immune Response to the Rhabdovirus Sigma virus

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 3251-3256 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Tsai ◽  
E. A. McGraw ◽  
E.-D. Ammar ◽  
R. G. Dietzgen ◽  
S. A. Hogenhout
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Disease Agent ◽  
Sigma Virus ◽  
Attacin A ◽  
Shed Light

ABSTRACT Rhabdoviruses are important pathogens of humans, livestock, and plants that are often vectored by insects. Rhabdovirus particles have a characteristic bullet shape with a lipid envelope and surface-exposed transmembrane glycoproteins. Sigma virus (SIGMAV) is a member of the Rhabdoviridae and is a naturally occurring disease agent of Drosophila melanogaster. The infection is maintained in Drosophila populations through vertical transmission via germ cells. We report here the nature of the Drosophila innate immune response to SIGMAV infection as revealed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis of differentially expressed genes identified by microarray analysis. We have also compared and contrasted the immune response of the host with respect to two nonenveloped viruses, Drosophila C virus (DCV) and Drosophila X virus (DXV). We determined that SIGMAV infection upregulates expression of the peptidoglycan receptor protein genes PGRP-SB1 and PGRP-SD and the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes Diptericin-A, Attacin-A, Attacin-B, Cecropin-A1, and Drosocin. SIGMAV infection did not induce PGRP-SA and the AMP genes Drosomycin-B, Metchnikowin, and Defensin that are upregulated in DCV and/or DXV infections. Expression levels of the Toll and Imd signaling cascade genes are not significantly altered by SIGMAV infection. These results highlight shared and unique aspects of the Drosophila immune response to the three viruses and may shed light on the nature of the interaction with the host and the evolution of these associations.

scholarly journals Sigma Virus (DMelSV) Incidence in Lines of Drosophila melanogaster Selected for Survival following Infection with Bacillus cereus

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan L. Bentz ◽  
Eve A. Humphrey ◽  
Lawrence G. Harshman ◽  
Marta L. Wayne
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Finite Energy ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
Cross Immunity ◽  
Sigma Virus

The immune response of Drosophila melanogaster is complex and involves both specific and general responses to parasites. In this study we tested for cross-immunity for bacteria and viruses by scoring the incidence of infection with the vertically transmitted Sigma virus (DMelSV) in the progeny of a cross between females transmitting DMelSV at high frequencies and males from lines subjected to three selection regimes related to resistance to Bacillus cereus. There was no significant difference in transmission of DMelSV among selection regimes, though results suggest that the B. cereus selected lines had lower rates of infection by DMelSV. We found a significant difference in viral infection with respect to the sex of the progeny, with males consistently less likely to be infected than females. Given a finite energy budget, flies that have experienced immune system challenge may show alterations in other life history traits. Later eclosing progeny were also less likely to be infected than earlier eclosing progeny, indicating a relationship with development time. Finally, there was a significant interaction between the timing of collection and the sex of the progeny, such that later eclosing males were the most resistant group. Increased development time is sometimes associated with increased energy acquisition; from this perspective, increased development time may be associated with acquiring sufficient resources for effective resistance.

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