Applying artificial intelligence insights in a CAI program for ?open sentence? mathematical problems in primary schools

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne F. Barnard ◽  
Jacobijn A. C. Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Open Sentence ◽  
Mathematical Problems

scholarly journals Alfred (the Dismissive Sceptic): Philosophers, Go Away!

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Herman Cappelen ◽  
Josh Dever
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Mathematical Problems

There is a view prevalent among people working in the artificial intelligence field to the effect that philosophers have nothing to tell us about AI and (putative) AI communication—that philosophy cannot help with the mathematical problems of making practical advances in AI and is, therefore, no more than a diverting irrelevance. This chapter rebuts that view. It takes the form of a dialogue between a philosopher and someone working in AI who is sceptical about philosophy’s relevance to AI. The sceptic, Alfred, argues that philosophical issues about the nature of communication are irrelevant to ongoing work in AI; the philosopher responds, showing that the sceptic’s supposedly unphilosophical perspective in fact harbours philosophical presuppositions, and ones that are worth discussing—in particular, the question of meaning and content within AI systems.

scholarly journals The role of professional practices of primary school mathematics teachers in developing the skills of creative solution to mathematical problems among their students from the point of view of specialists: دور الممارسات المهنية لمعلمي رياضيات المرحلة الابتدائية في تنمية مهارات الحل الإبداعي للمشكلات الرياضية لدى طلابهم من وجهة نظر المختصين

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (33) ◽  
pp. 82-61
Author(s):  
Muhannad Muhammad Al-Amary Muhannad Muhammad Al-Amary
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Professional Practices ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Mathematics Problems ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Educational Supervisor ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Development Of Students

  This study aimed to identify the role played by the professional practices done by Mathematics teachers at primary schools in the development of students’ skills in solving Mathematics problems creatively from a professional point of view. In addition, the study aimed to identify any statistically significant differences in the professional practices according to some variants (job titles, years of experience, and qualifications). To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive approach in surveys. A questionnaire has been designed as a tool to collect data. The questionnaire has been proved valid, reliable and practical when responded to by a sample included 80 Mathematics teachers and supervisors at Jeddah Directorate of Education (31) educational supervisors and (49) primary teachers. The questionnaire has been analyzed and statistically processed by SPSS. The research has formulated a list of professional practices done by Mathematics teachers at primary schools to develop students’ creativity skills in solving Mathematics problems, which all were of equal high importance and came in a descending order in three axes: understanding the problem, execution planning, and generating ideas. Also, the study found that there are statistically significant differences in the responses in average for the job title (educational supervisor, teacher) variant concerning the role played by Mathematics teachers at primary schools in the development of students’ skills in solving Mathematics problems creatively in all axes and in the questionnaire as whole. In addition, there is a statistically significant difference at ≥α)0.05) between the averages of responses of professionals according to the qualifications and years of experience on the role played by Mathematics teachers at primary schools in the development of students’ skills in solving Mathematics problems creatively for both the understanding problems and generating ideas axes. There are not any statistically significant differences in the execution and planning axis. Hence, the study set a model proposal for the roles to be played and practiced professionally by Mathematics teachers at primary schools to develop students’ skills in solving Mathematics problems creatively. In the light of the study, the researcher introduced a set of recommendations and suggestions.

The Implementation of Formal Assessments in Intermediate Phase Mathematics at Primary Schools in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 300-320
Author(s):  
Senzeni Sibanda ◽  
Awelani M Rambuda
Keyword(s):  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Classroom Observation ◽  
Policy Statement ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Observation Tools

The purpose of this research was to explore the implementation of formal assessments in intermediate phase mathematics at primary schools. The research was elicited by reports that assessment methods and procedures for tackling learners’ needs had been observed to be insufficient in South African schools. The study is grounded in Piaget’s cognitive constructivism and Vygotsky’s social constructivism. The researchers conducted document analysis of teachers’ portfolios which were purposefully selected. Nine teachers– three from each of Grades 4 to 6 were sampled. The portfolios were analysed to establish whether the implementation of the formal assessments was aligned with the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement requirements. A checklist was used to determine teachers’ implementation of formal assessment. Measures of central tendency were used to analyse data. The results revealed that teachers were not developing the abilities of learners in handling complex mathematical procedures as per the requirements of the policy. This implies that learners lacked the ability to break down mathematical problems into different factors or constituent parts. Learners were given a test instead of a project or investigation. Hence teachers were not promoting cooperative learning which is advocated by the policy. Therefore, teachers should be assisted by knowledgeable colleagues and subject advisors in their adoption and use of assessment. There must be a close examination of the classroom observation tools that are currently being utilised. Classroom observation assists teachers to improve their assessment strategies. The Department of Basic Education should supply tablets to primary schools to promote social constructive interaction amongst teachers and learners to enhance effective teaching and learning.

scholarly journals Construction of a Teaching System Based on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence to Promote the Physical Health of Primary School Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zhonglin Ma ◽  
Changcheng Xin ◽  
Huifang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Teaching System

In recent years, although the overall physical health of Chinese students has shown an upward trend, the substantial decline in student physical fitness has been basically curbed. Most of the physical health indicators of students are steadily improving, but there are still many problems that need to be vigilant. In order to solve the problem of the decline of the physical health of primary school students, it is very important to construct a teaching system based on big data and artificial intelligence to promote the physical health of primary school students. This article aims to study from the actual situation and find scientific and reasonable methods to improve the physical health of primary school students. This article uses the literature method, questionnaire survey method, mathematical statistics method, and other research methods to analyze and study the current physical condition of the interviewed students and the actual influencing factors by taking students from 5 domestic primary schools as the research object. It is concluded that more than 90% of primary school students in Haidian District, Beijing, have good physique and physical development. The development level of strength and flexibility is gradually improved, but the speed and endurance quality are on the decline, especially the endurance quality of primary school boys has declined the most. Lack of good exercise habits, insufficient exercise time and exercise efficiency, and lack of appropriate exercise volume and necessary exercise intensity are currently the most important factors affecting the physical health of primary school students. The physical problems of primary school students are not caused by a single factor, but the result of multiple factors. This article puts forward a number of suggestions for the above situation and problems to be solved urgently.

scholarly journals Exploring Key Competencies and Professional Development of Music Teachers in Primary Schools in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xian Zhao ◽  
Zhenjie Guo ◽  
Shanqin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Professional Development ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Learning Community ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Education Management ◽  
The Status ◽  
Key Competencies ◽  
The Times

Artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced new era elements to the connotation of key competencies and professional development of music teachers in primary schools. The education management department in the AI era has flawed systems for the professional development of music teachers in primary schools. To assist music teachers in primary schools fulfill the development needs of the development of the times and enhance the quality of music education in primary schools, the status and income of music teachers in primary schools warrant improvement, and the system should be upgraded to promote the implementation of key competencies. Moreover, the related system construction of music teachers in primary schools should be reinforced by rationally arranging teachers, workload and creating a teacher learning community, in order to guide schools to provide a suitable environment for teachers, key competencies and professional development. Furthermore, methods like strengthening teachers, awareness of independent development and augmenting professional identity should be adopted to prompt teachers to comprehensively enhance their key competencies and professional development.

scholarly journals Relation between Pupils’ Mathematical Self-Efficacy and Mathematical Problem Solving in the Context of the Teachers’ Preferred Pedagogies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10215
Author(s):  
Vlastimil Chytrý ◽  
Janka Medová ◽  
Jaroslav Říčan ◽  
Jiří Škoda
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Mathematical Problem Solving ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Montessori Schools ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

In research focused on self-efficacy it is usually teacher-related phenomena that are studied, while the main aspects related to pupils are rather neglected, although self-efficacy itself is perceived as a belief in one’s own abilities. Evidently, this strongly influences the behavior of individuals in terms of the goal and success in mathematical problem-solving. Considering that alternative teaching methods are based on the principle of belief in one’s own ability (mainly in the case of group work), higher self-efficacy can be expected in the pupils of teachers who use predominantly the well-working pupil-centered pedagogies. A total of 1133 pupils in grade 5 from 36 schools in the Czech Republic were involved in the testing of their ability to solve mathematical problems and their mathematical self-efficacy as well. Participants were divided according to the above criteria as follows: (i) 73 from Montessori primary schools, (ii) 332 pupils educated in mathematics according to the Hejný method, (iii) 510 pupils from an ordinary primary school, and (iv) 218 pupils completing the Dalton teaching plan. In the field of mathematical problem-solving the pupils from the Montessori primary schools clearly outperformed pupils from the Dalton Plan schools (p = 0.027) as well as pupils attending ordinary primary schools (p = 0.009), whereas the difference between the Montessori schools and Hejný classes was not significant (p = 0.764). There is no statistically significant difference in the level of self-efficacy of pupils with respect to the preferred strategies for managing learning activities (p = 0.781). On the other hand, correlation between mathematical problem-solving and self-efficacy was confirmed in all the examined types of schools. However, the correlation coefficient was lower in the case of the pupils from the classes applying the Hejný method in comparison with the pupils attending the Montessori schools (p = 0.073), Dalton Plan schools (p = 0.043), and ordinary primary schools (p = 0.002). Even though the results in mathematical problem-solving are not consistent across the studies, the presented results confirm better performance of pupils in some constructivist settings, particularly in the case of individual constructivism in the Montessori primary schools. The factors influencing lower correlation of self-efficacy and performance in mathematical problem-solving ought to be subject to further investigation.

scholarly journals Assessment of Optimal Pedagogical Factors for Canadian ESL Learners’ Reading Literacy Through Artificial Intelligence Algorithms

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Xiao ◽  
Jie Hu
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Reading Strategies ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Reading Literacy ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Reading Materials ◽  
High Achieving ◽  
Esl Learners ◽  
Reading Activities

The current study explored the effective pedagogical factors that distinguish high-achieving from low-achieving ESL (English as a second language) primary school learners in reading literacy in Canada. In total, 203 samples (167 high-achieving learners and 36 low-achieving learners from 128 primary schools) in the 4th grade were drawn from the public database of Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2016, which is the benchmark for large-scale assessments of reading literacy targeting fourth-grade students. For the first time in the ESL-related research, this study applied an artificial intelligence approach, support vector machine (SVM), to concurrently analyze 41 pedagogical factors associated with reading materials, classroom organization, reading strategies, in-class reading activities and post-reading activities. The overall 41 factors collectively distinguished the high-achieving readers from the low-achieving readers with a high accuracy score (0.793) via SVM. Then, these 41 factors were ranked according to their contribution to the SVM model through SVM-based recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE). Eventually, an optimal factor set was selected by the SVM-RFE cross validation, which contained 10 effective pedagogical factors centered on reading materials, reading strategies and in-class reading activities for fourth-grade high-achieving ESL learners in reading literacy. Suggestions based on solid data analysis would facilitate infrastructural and pedagogical improvements in ESL reading education.

Artificial Intelligence

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Poole ◽  
Alan K. Mackworth
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence
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